The science behind why we sweat  November 14, 2025

 

What's up, everybody? Happy Friday. I'm Ryan Young, in for Coy Wire, hope you've had a fantastic week, a lot of news to tell you about today, and not a lot of time. So let's get to it.

 

We begin on Capitol Hill,where the longest federal government shutdown in U.S. history is finally over.

 

President Donald Trump signed the agreement to reopen the federal government into law Wednesday evening, but the effects of the record 43-day shutdown could be felt for months or even years.

 

The flight delays and cancellations that have plagued air travel will likely linger as air traffic controllers return to full-time schedules, and federal workers who haven't received a paycheck during the shutdown will still have to wait for their back pay.

 

plague [pleg] v. 困扰; 【口】使苦恼；烦忧；折磨

linger [ˋlɪŋgɚ] v. 继续逗留；持续

 

Put yourself in their shoes, you know, what it would be like if you were to show up for your job and do this for seven weeks, but not getting that paycheck that you usually do every two weeks. How are you going to make your way through that?

 

It also remains unclear when full payments will be sent to the tens of millions of Americans who rely on government assistance programs like SNAP to help feed their families. Plus there's a chance we may have to go through all of this again in just a few months.

 

This deal only provides funding to most federal agencies through the end of January 2026, so stay tuned.

 

stay tuned 敬请期待、继续关注; 别走开

 

They say you shouldn't sweat the small stuff, but that's exactly what the team in this next story is doing.

 

sweat the small stuff 不要为小事烦恼; worry about trivial things

 

Researchers at Arizona State University are studying how and why the human body sweats, and they're doing it in some cool new ways, like a first-of-its-kind sweating mannequin and a temperature-regulating suit similar to those worn by astronauts.

 

mannequin [ˋmænəkɪn] n. 时装模特儿；人体模型；假人

 

The innovative approaches help them study sweat glands up close to see how they turn on and off. And this is the pursuit of perspiration has yielded some surprising discoveries.

 

perspiration [͵pɝspəˋreʃən] n. 汗，汗水；出汗，流汗

 

Turns out the salt from sweat actually helps cool your skin more effectively as your body temperature rises.

 

In the second stage, it ends up spreading farther along the skin and evaporating, so it cools you quicker, faster for the same amount of sweat or dehydration you have.

 

The team hopes this research will help them better understand how sweating safeguards the human body against Arizona's extreme heat.

 

Turning now from scorching sunshine to a stunning night sky, take a look at this, a dazzling display in the skies across the U.S. this week as the Northern Lights made their way as far south as Florida.

 

The amazing auroras were caused by a pair of intense solar storms. Those occur when bursts of energy from the sun send solar winds crashing into Earth's atmosphere at more than 2 million miles per hour.

 

The geomagnetic activity can also disrupt communication satellites and power grids.

 

geomagnetic [͵dʒiomægˋnɛtɪk] adj. 地磁(气)的

 

It even delayed a Blue Origin NASA mission bound for Mars. So if you had connection issues, I did, you can blame that on the sun.

 

Time for your 10-second trivia.

 

A group of penguins is known as what?

 

A waddle, a raft, a colony, a huddle.

 

If you said any of these, you put the wind and penguin. A group of penguins is called a raft when they are in the water, a waddle on land, a colony during breeding season, and a huddle when they cluster for warmth.

 

raft [ræft] n.【口】大量，許多[（+of）]

huddle [ˋhʌd!] n. 杂乱的一团（或一堆，一群）

 

We'll try to score a touchdown.An animal rights protest over some prominent penguins in London has now gotten the attention of Parliament.

 

More than 70 members of the U.K.'s highest legislative body have joined calls for London's Sea Life Aquarium to improve living conditions for their 15 Gentoo penguins.

 

Gentoo penguin 巴布亚企鹅

 

Animal rights groups say the penguins are confined to a windowless basement enclosure with no daylight, fresh air, or outdoor access, but the aquarium says multiple teams are assigned to ensure the penguins are happy and healthy every day.

 

Our Max Foster spoke with a penguin expert to understand what's best for the flightless feathered friends.

 

If we bring up the pictures of the penguins that we've got, you know, to the untrained eye, they look pretty happy.

 

I mean, they are in a basement, aren't they? There is no natural light, there isn't a huge amount of space, and people can see for themselves what it actually looks like. Do you think they're happy?

 

Penguins need, above all, they need other penguins to be happy. But they also need enough water and they need enough land and enough natural conditions to be happy.

 

What about the three main issues that the MPs have been talking about? That is the space, the fresh air, and the lack of natural light. How important are those three things to these penguins?

 

They're Gentoo penguins, and the picture I have seen shows them sort of on ice or something that looks like ice.

 

And if they're Southern Gentoo penguins, then they're the sort of ice obligates, they're birds that need to spend a lot of time on ice, and they live in a place with very little bacterial load and very little fungal spores.

 

ice obligate 生存与海冰的存在紧密相关; 嗜冰生物的

obligate [ˋɑblə͵get] adj. 有义务的；必要的

bacterial load 菌量

spore [spor] n.【生】孢子；种子；胚芽；生殖细胞

 

And so actually, the idea that you could take these birds and just plonk them outside in the UK and say they'd be happy might give them severe problems.

 

plonk [plɑŋk] v. 重重放下

 

You actually can't put it in normal fresh air without subjecting it to fungal spores. And so the air that goes into exhibits that typically have things like Emperors and Chinstrap and Adelian, Gentoo penguins from that part of the world have to have highly filtered air.

 

Chinstrap penguin 南极企鹅

 

So you can't actually take them and put them in fresh air unless you're in Antarctica.

 

With respect to the space and the daylight, well, I don't know what light regime they have. Good zoos, if they've got birds in housings like that, have altered the light regime to reflect the light regime they would have in the wild.

 

with respect to 关于, 至于; 就...而言; 在...方面

light regime 光照制度; 光照条件

regime [rɪˋʒim] n. 管理体制；体系

 

So obviously darker in their winter and lighter in their summer.

 

And then with regard to the space, to be honest, I mean, I think the husbandry requirements for penguins, they say they need the water to be four foot deep or something. And, you know, for penguins, that's that is ridiculous.

 

husbandry [ˋhʌzbəndrɪ] n. 饲养业；管理; 种植; 养殖; farming

 

I mean, Gentoo penguins dive to 400, 500, 600 feet. So four feet is not going to cut it. And I think the exhibit we're talking about is seven feet.

 

cut it: (informal) to perform up to expectations or a required standard; be acceptable

 

And that doesn't cut it either. But there's not a penguin exhibit in the world that actually does cut it. You need enough space for them to swim properly.

 

That means purpose and enough, I guess, water activity for them to be excited by being in the water and also to bounce around on land and do the stuff they normally do.

 

Today's story, getting a 10 out of 10, a beloved school resource officer beating cancer and coming out of retirement to brighten students' days. Deputy Mark Hollywood Whaley is something of a celebrity at Anderson County High School.

 

school resource officer 学校资源官 (SRO) (指在学校里，由执法部门指派、驻校的警官)

 

Morning, sir. How are you, buddy? Stay that way all day.

 

For years, he's worked to keep students and faculty safe and done it all with a smile.

 

Every school wants Hollywood. You know, if we had a fantasy draft for SROs, he would be the number one pick.

 

Everybody loves Hollywood. We all love Hollywood.

 

But in 2023, a throat cancer diagnosis forced the 42-year law enforcement vet to step away from the job he loves.

 

I went to the doctor and she found that I had some tumors in the back of my throat.

 

But cancer couldn't keep him down. After completing chemotherapy and radiation, the smiley SRO was declared cancer-free. Now Hollywood is fresh out of retirement and back on the job patrolling the halls and even cutting the rug at a recent pep rally.

 

smiley [ˋsmaɪlɪ] adj. 微笑的；兴高采烈的

fresh [frɛʃ] adj. 新到的

cut a rug: dance, especially in an energetic or accomplished way

pep rally 鼓舞士气的集会

pep [pɛp] n.【美】【口】活力，锐气，劲头

 

You know, when you get a chance to show out, you need to show out.

 

Safe to say everyone seems happy to have Hollywood back in the fold.

 

(It’s) safe to say（用来表示对将要说的话很有信心）

the fold: a group of people who have a shared faith or interest

 

And we all love just having him around 24-7.

 

He's the life of the party, but he's also the same person to keep us safe.

 

We say all the time, they don't care how much you know until they know how much you care. And I think our kids know that he cares about them.

 

And that's what I call an A-list celebrity. All right, superstars, let's get you ready for a Friday shout out. This one's going to the senders of the swagged out Letterman jacket.

 

swagged out: to have a lot of style and confidence

letterman jacket 字母夾克（也称为Varsity Jacket，大学运动夹克; 源自美国高中和大学的传统。）

letterman [ˋlɛtɚ͵mən] n. 美国大学里受赠校名第一字母之荣誉的优秀选手

 

I stole it from Coy. I will give it back to him, though. Mr. Flavahan and Miss Maribel at Kixington High School in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

 

Coy, I promise I'll put this back on your desk, but I had to do the shout out. All right. Hope you guys have a great weekend.

 

Coy will be back on Monday. I'm Ryan Young, and we are CNN 10.