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The Technology Behind Recovery 灾后重建的科技

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The Earthquakes in Haiti and Chile Revealed How Technology Can Make Relief Efforts More Effective  新科技在海地与智利的震灾中让救援行动更有效率

James Eberhard  詹姆斯．艾伯哈德

Eberhard, 32, started Mobile Accord to help not-for-profit organize their mobile efforts. Its mGive platform has helped collect $41 million for Haiti.

三十二岁的艾伯哈德所成立的行动协议公司，专门协助非营利机构筹办行动慈善活动。该公司的「行动捐款」平台已经为海地募集了四千一百万美元的捐款。

“When the earthquake hit Haiti, the U.S. State Department asked if we could set up a text donation program for the relief effort. We immediately contacted the Red Cross. Within a day, we had raised $2.3 million; by the end of the second day, it was $5 million. Our goal was always to use mobile devises to make a social impact. Typically, a non-profit registers on our website and we manage everything from sending donation-confirmation text messages to tax receipts, to aggregating the carrier payments.”

「地震袭击海地的时候，美国国务院问我们能不能为救援行动设置一项简讯捐款方案。我们随即联络了红十字会。我们在一天内就募集了两百三十万美元；到了第二天结束的时候，已经达到五百万美元。我们的目标向来就是要利用行动装置对社会造成影响。一般而言，非营利组织只要到我们的网站上登录，然后我们就会处理一切事务，从寄发捐款确认简讯与抵税用的捐款收据，乃至汇集支付电信业者的款项都包括在内。

Jack and Carmen Barker  杰克与卡门．巴克

The Barkers are behind Sunspring, a portable, solar-powered water-purifying system.

巴克夫妇发明了日泉──这是一种可携式的太阳能净水器。

Jack: “Everyone was shipping in bottled water to Haiti, but that’s not a sustainable option. The Sunspring produces more than 5,000 gallons of water per day, every drop is safe to drink. The unit is constantly storing energy and can run at night or on a cloudy day. We installed 17 units in Haiti, 10 of them donated by GE.”

杰克表示：「大家都把瓶装水运到海地，可是那种做法不合乎永续性。日泉天天可以生产五千加仑以上的水，而且完全可以安心饮用。这部净水器随时都在储存能源，因此在夜间或阴天也同样能够运作。我们在海地安装了十七部，其中十部是由奇异公司所捐赠。」

“One Sunspring costs $25,000, but it lasts for 10 years. You can create a local microfinance model; NGOs can help support hospitals, community centers or schools. This can be sustainable within itself.”

「一部日泉净水器要两万五千美元，但寿命长达十年。地方上可以设立自己的微型贷款模式；非政府组织也可以帮忙资助医院、小区中心或学校。这种做法本身就具有永续性。

Claire Bonilla  克莱儿．波尼拉

Bonilla, 37, coordinates emergency communication solutions for stricken communities.

三十七岁的波尼拉专为受灾小区协调紧急通讯方案。

“In a time of disaster, you’re often stuck starting with a damaged structure. We partner with NetHope, a nonprofit that brings satellite and wireless Internet connectivity to disaster sites, so we don’t have to rely on the infrastructure in the area; our work can be done in the cloud, hosted at Microsoft’s global data centers. Together, we provide situational awareness and mapping capabilities, and improve goods distribution.”

「灾难发生时，我们经常受困于只能仰赖受损的结构。于是我们与『网络希望』合作，这个非营利组织专精于为灾区提供卫星与无线网络链接，因此我们不必依赖当地的基础建设；我们的工作可以在云端上完成，利用微软全球数据中心的服务器运作。经由这样的合作，我们就可以提供情境知觉与地图测绘能力，并且改善补助品的分配状况。」

“Projects that would normally take a year are completed in five days.”

「一般需要花上一年的方案只要短短五天即可完成。」

单词发音

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behind [bɪˋhaɪnd] prep. 支持 in a role of originating or supporting

coordinate [koˋɔrdnɪt] v. 协调，调节

host [host] v. 主办，主持 provide

mapping [ˋmæpɪŋ] n.  绘图，制图 the act or process of making a map

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课文讲解

Hocine Bouhabib  霍辛．布哈比

Bouhabib, 43, worked with Doctors Without Borders’ R and D teams to transform inflatable tent structures into fully functioning hospitals.

四十三岁的布哈比与无国界医生组织的研发团队合作，把充气帐篷转化为功能完善的医院。

“In 2004, we saw these inflatable tents that had been developed for the Italian Army and approached the manufacturer directly, hoping to develop a hospital with surgical facilities. The hospital itself is nine tents, totaling 1,400 square meters, with 100 beds. But the process isn’t just inflating tents. It’s setting up all the electric, all the supplies. It’s putting the biomedical equipmentin place, making sure it’s operational. We use PVC walls and floors to create a completely sealed structure within the tents, which keeps it clean and sterile and makes the tents flexible. We recently opened an outpatient department.”

「我们在二００四年看到这些为意大利陆军研发的充气帐篷，于是直接找上制造商，希望研制出具有手术设施的医院。医院本身由九座帐篷构成，总面积达一千四百平方公尺，共有一百张床。不过，重点不只在于将帐篷充气，而是必须装设所有的电力设备与补给品，还必须将各种生物医学仪器准备到位，并且确认实际可用。我们使用聚氯乙烯墙面与地板，以便在帐篷里形成完全封闭的空间，不但能够保持干净无菌，还能保有帐篷的柔软弹性。我们近来也成立了一个门诊部门。」

Patricia Menezes  派翠希亚．孟内泽斯

Menezes, 52, oversaw IBM’s recent relief efforts in Chile, using open-source software to find missing persons and helping start communities on the long road to emotional recovery.

五十二岁的孟内泽斯负责督导IBM近来在智利从事的救援行动，利用开放原始码软件协寻失踪人员，并且协助小区踏上情感疗愈的漫长路途。

“Sahana is an open-source disaster-management tool. We set it up, install it, donate the servers, support translations and train volunteers. We can customize it and make it efficient and productive for particular communities. After the quake in Chile, we used the database feature in multiple Red Cross camps and shelters to reunite families. You enter very specific characteristics of a missing person, from height to hair color to skin tone. We used Sahana after the 2007 earthquake in Peru. This time, we were able to get the program up and running very fast because it had already been translated into Spanish.”

「萨哈纳是一套开放原始码的灾难管理工具。我们设置及安装这套软件，捐赠服务器，支持翻译，并且训练志工。我们可以进行客制化，让这套软件对特定小区更具效率也更具生产力。智利大地震发生之后，我们利用许多红十字会营区和避难所的数据库协助家家户户重聚。工作人员可以输入失踪人员的特征，包括身高、发色与肤色。我们在二００七年的秘鲁地震灾后也使用了萨哈纳工具。这一次，我们得以在很短的时间内让程序开始迅速运作，原因是这套程序先前就已经翻译成西班牙文了。」

“We’ve also partnered with medical experts to develop trauma guides for families, parents and teachers. Kids return to school and they are scared, the teachers are scared. Especially in natural disasters, people feel helpless. They think, ‘How can I handle this? How can I fight this?’ The guides can help them start the transition back to normalcy.”

「我们也和医学专家合作，为家庭、父母及教师制作创伤手册。孩童回到学校之后仍然充满恐惧，老师也不例外。尤其是遭遇自然灾害之后，一般人都会深感无助。他们会觉得：『我怎么能够因应这样的状况？我怎么能够对抗这种情形？』而这些手册可以帮助他们展开回归正常的转换过程。」

－Interviews by Stephanie Schomer

单词发音

Vocabulary Focus

aggregate [ˋægrɪ͵get] v. 聚集 to combine into a single group or total

sustainable [səˋstenəb!] adj. 能维持的 able to be continued over a period of time

stricken [ˋstrɪkən] adj. 受灾的 suffering severely from the effects of something unpleasant

infrastructure [ˋɪnfrə͵strʌktʃɚ] n. 基础建设 the basic systems and services, such as transport and power supplies, that a country or organization uses in order to work effectively

inflatable [ɪnˋfletəb!] adj. 充气的 able to increase in size by being filled with air

sterile [ˋstɛrəl] adj. 消过毒的，无菌的 completely clean and free from dirt and bacteria

customize [ˋkʌstəm͵aɪz] v. 订做; 客制化 to make or change something according to the buyer’s or user’s needs

单词发音

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R and D  Research and Development 研究发展；研展

approach [əˋprotʃ] v. 找……商量（或联系）to make contact with

in place 准备就绪 ready for use

outpatient [ˋaʊt͵peʃənt] n. 门诊病人

normalcy [ˋnɔrm!sɪ] n. 常态；正常

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