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Make Your Move to Expert 从菜鸟变成专家非梦事

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Most people would love to be regarded as an expert in their field. Of course, such a reputation isn’t earned overnight. It requires a base of instruction and learning, followed by a standard of outstanding performance over time  大多数人都很想当上业界中的专家，但毋庸置疑的是，专家的声誉无法在一夕之间赢得，而是必须有指引和学习作为基础，还要符合有长期杰出表现的标准才行

Acquiring such expertise has been made a little easier with the book 5 Steps to Expert: How to Go From Business Novice to Elite Performer. It describes five levels of expertise – beginner, capable, competent, proficient and expert – and how one can make the move from one level to the next. The book identified specific characteristics to differentiate one level from another. So, for instance, a beginner lacks comfortable, efficient routines for everyday tasks in the field and, instead, makes decisions guided by rules and norms. Someone who is capable, the second level of the five, makes decisions but is guided not simply by rules but by strategic knowledge. A competent person – that is, someone on the third level, uses goals set to develop long-term plans. Proficiency, or the fourth level, allows someone to set goals and long-term plans himself or herself to reach them. Finally, an expert may plan extensively yet may act intuitively from a sense of timing and momentum.

透过《成为专家的五大步骤：如何从菜鸟跃升为菁英》一书，赢得上述专才就变得轻松多了。该书描述五种专业才能的层级──包括了新手、能手、好手、高手及专家──以及如何逐步更上一层楼的秘诀。本书列出了各层级具体明确的特性，以便区分不同层级。举例来说，新手往往在执行本业的日常任务时，缺乏从容不迫、有效率的例行程序，而只懂得依循既定规则和规范来做决定。至于在五种层级中位居第二阶的能手，则能同时依据规则和策略性的知识来做出决定。第三层级的好手，能透过设定目标来研发出长程计划。至于第四层级的高手，则能自行设定目标和长程计划，并一一达成。最后，专家则除了能进行周延的规划之外，还能掌握时机、趁势采取出于直觉的行动。

5 Steps to Expert lays out a progressive plan for consistently achieving each level. The plan offered is like a road map that allows someone to advance from his or her level of competence to a higher level of performance and then a higher level again. At the end of each chapter, there are research findings and stories of real people, as well as exercises that readers can use to better identify their level of expertise and measure their professional progress.

《成为专家的五大步骤》一书列出了渐进式的计划，让读者能始终如一地逐步登上每个层级。书中所提出的计划，宛如路线图一般，可以让人依样画葫芦地从自己目前的专业才能层级，提升到更高的层级，然后持续更上一层楼。每章最后，都会列出一些研究结果及真人真事的案例，此外，也附有一些练习，好让读者能用来查出自己究竟属于哪种专业才能层级，并藉以衡量自己在专业上的进步程度。

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over time 经过一段时间

expertise [͵ɛkspɚˋtiz] n. 专门技术; 专门知识; 专长

novice [ˋnɑvɪs] n. 新手，初学者[（+at）]

proficient [prəˋfɪʃənt] adj. 精通的，熟练的; n. 能手，专家[C][（+in）]

identify [aɪˋdɛntə͵faɪ] v. 确认；识别；鉴定

norm [nɔrm] n. 基准；规范

lay out 展开; 展示; 设计, 规划 to display

road map 准则；指示；说明; （驾车旅行者用的）公路图

competence [ˋkɑmpətəns] n. 能力，胜任，称职

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This book does more than describe each level. It suggests effective ways of learning based on one’s present level of expertise, and it offers a series of progressive tasks and activities to guide the reader through each step toward becoming an expert. Case studies, stories and practical examples illustrate how the characteristics within each level can move the reader forward in his or her quest to become more expert in his or her chosen field.

该书并不只是单单描述各个层级而已，还会依据各人目前所处的专业才能层级，来提出可以进一步有效学习的建议，此外，还列出了一系列渐进式的工作任务和活动，以引导读者顺利登上各个层级，朝专家之路迈进。书中的个案研究、故事和实际的例子，能阐明每个层级的特性如何能促使读者不断进步，以便成为自己所属业界中的佼佼者。

The Roadway to Expert  迈向专家之路

As the book demonstrates, experts are made, not born. The author refers to three keys as the means for ever-increasing performance: experience, knowledge and skills. As the author writes, “There is no substitute for experience when it comes to developing expertise. … Experience offers opportunities for learning.”

正如该书所显明的，专家往往是后天养成，而非天生而成。作者提到了能让工作表现不断增进的三大关键：亦即经验、知识和技能。作者写道：「若想培养专业技能，那么实际的经验是无可取代的。…因为经验让人有学习的机会。」

Schempp backs up his arguments with research that proves the search for knowledge, even among experts, is never-ending.

作者保罗．史坎普并以研究结果来左证自己的论点，这些研究都证实了，即使已身为专家，对知识的追求也是永无止境的。

The skills of an expert can be viewed as a specific set of tasks or profession-related activities that have been mastered and account for and are critical to the expert’s superior performance. As a start, the skills to master can come from job description lists. Mentors and colleagues can also be helpful in recognizing the important skills in a company or an industry.

专家的技能可以视为已精通的一系列特定工作任务，或专业相关活动，它们不但是专家之所以有优异表现的主因，而且也是不可或缺的要素。首先，必须精通的技能可以从工作条件限制中找到，而良师益友和同事也都有助于厘清某家公司或业界不可或缺的重要技能究竟为何。

Studies of experts suggest that they have certain characteristics that define their position in the workplace, including seeking knowledge insatiably, having a superior memory, attending to work beyond the job description, planning extensively and acting intuitively, executing skills in a smooth manner, responding to inadequacies and failures readily, and self-monitoring their own performance.

针对专家所进行的研究显示，专家拥有某些特性，足以说明他们在工作职场所享有的地位的确当之无愧，其中包括了求知若渴、拥有绝佳的记忆力、即使超出自己的工作范围仍全力以赴、计划周延、直觉地采取行动、顺畅无碍地执行工作技能、对其他人的不足或缺失能适当响应，以及能自行监控自己的工作表现等。

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illustrate [ˋɪləstret] v.（用图，实例等）说明，阐明

expert [ˋɛkspɚt] adj. 熟练的，老练的；有经验的[（+at/in/on）] ; n. 专家；能手；熟练者

back up 证实; 支持 to support or assist

argument [ˋɑrgjəmənt] n. 理由，论据；论点

job description 工作说明，职务说明; 工作职责

readily [ˋrɛdɪlɪ] adv. 不迟疑地, 迅速地, 轻易地

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A Reader-Friendly Road Map  易读易懂的路线图

This book isn’t just for those who want to become expert in their field. It is also suitable for those who want to help members of their staff become experts. As the book moves from one stage of expertise to another, it uses exercises to solidify concepts and provide the student with an objective assessment of progress made to date. A book that takes readers from one level of expertise to the next may seem unnecessary, but 5 Steps to Expert has the advantage of hand-holding novices to top performers and ensuring that they make the journey, doing so in a reader-friendly manner.

本书不只适合那些想成为业界专家的读者研读，也很适合想帮助员工变成专家的高阶主管来参考。书中依序描述各个不同的专业层级，并利用练习来强化书中提到的概念，并提供学习者可藉以衡量自己迄今的进展的客观评量工具。一本引导读者逐步登上更高技能层级的书，乍看之下似乎会让人觉得没什么必要，但《成为专家的五大步骤》的优点在于会亲手提携新手，直到他们成为顶尖的专家，而且透过易读易懂的铺陈，确保读者能走完全程，毕竟其功。

－by Gina Miller

Becoming an expert means asking for help  适时寻求协助才能成为专家

When contestants on Who wants to be a Millionaire need help answering a question, they ask for a lifeline. That’s a friend or colleague the contestant thinks might know the answer.

当电视节目《谁想当百万富翁》的参赛者需要求助以便回答某个问题时，他们会透过一个求援专线电话来发问，被咨询的人就是参赛者认为可能知道答案的朋友或同事。

Author Keith Ferrazzi says asking for help is key to building relationships that move people forward in their lives and careers. Lifelines may be people at work or outside – perhaps a colleague in the industry who can be relied on for honest feedback.

作者凯斯．法拉西指出，向人求援是建立人际关系的重要关键，能助人在生活和事业生涯上步步高升。求援专线电话的另一端可能是工作同事或公司外部人士──例如一位同业，而且是你确信会诚实回答的人。

Ferrazzi says it takes courage to be vulnerable, which means admitting doubts and fears and asking for support and encouragement in achieving goals. Through relationship-building, companies have the ability to make employees feel “they’re part of the team,” says Sonia Diaz-Del Oro, director of global learning and organizational development for Royal Caribbean.

法拉西表示，坦露自己脆弱的一面，是需要勇气的，因为这代表必须承认自己也有疑虑和恐惧的时候，然而为了达成目标，必须向外寻求支持和鼓励。皇家加勒比海公司国际学习与组织发展部主任桑尼雅．狄亚兹－戴尔．欧洛表示，透过人际关系的建立，企业能让员工感觉「自己也是团队的一员」。

Ultimately, forming stronger bonds between coworkers can strengthen the entire organization, helping the company achieve goals. A leader who takes this approach can make a significant impact.

同事之间建立起更牢不可破的情谊，最终将能巩固整间机构，有助企业达成目标。采取这种方式的领导者，能带来莫大的影响。

“When you have an authentic leader …. you’re loyal to that leader and you want to work for them because you have that connection,” she says.

「当人们拥有一位备受信赖的领导者…就会愿意效忠这位领袖，而他们会想效力的原因，是出于心连心的情谊。」

−by Marcia Heroux

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objective [əbˋdʒɛktɪv] adj. 客观的，如实的，无偏见的

hand-holding n. 指导性技术支持; 关怀备至; 亲手提携 hand holding is an expression meaning providing someone with guidance, assistance, encouragement or aid and support to lessen anxiety

contestant [kənˋtɛstənt] n. 参加竞赛者，角逐者

lifeline [ˋlaɪf͵laɪn] n. 救生索, 生命线

feedback [ˋfid͵bæk] n. 反馈的信息;（新心理疗法）一个人对另一个人言行的反应

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Vocabulary Focus

elite [ɪˋlit] adj. 高层次的; 精锐的; 上等的; n. 精华；精英；优秀分子 the most powerful, best educated or most highly trained group in a society

competent [ˋkɑmpətənt] adj. 有能力的，能干的；能胜任的，称职的 able to do something well

momentum [moˋmɛntəm] n. 动力; 【物】动量，冲量 the force that keeps an event developing after it has started

progressive [prəˋgrɛsɪv] adj. 渐次的，逐渐的；累进的 describes ideas or systems which are new and modern

quest [kwɛst] n. 寻找；追求；探索 an attempt to achieve something difficult

mentor [ˋmɛntɚ] n. 导师; 良师益友 a person who gives another person help and advice over a period of time and often also teaches them how to do their job

insatiably [ɪnˋseʃɪəb!ɪ] adv. 无法满足地；贪得无厌地 in a manner that seems too great to be satisfied

inadequacy [ɪnˋædəkwəsɪ] n. 不适当,不充足,不完全 something that doesn’t reach an expected or required standard

solidify [səˋlɪdə͵faɪ] v. 巩固 to make united and strong

authentic [ɔˋθɛntɪk] adj. 可信的，真实的，可靠的 trustworthy; genuine