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Ketchup: The King of Condiments 调味圣品—西红柿酱

課文朗讀

課文中英文講解

繁體中文譯本

If you consider ketchup to be as American as baseball and apple pie, you might want to think again. People often mistakenly assume it must have originated in some place like the U.S. because it’s a part of Western cuisine in much the same way that soy sauce is a part of Asian cooking. Astonishingly, ketchup has its roots in China! Seventeenth-century British seamen were first to introduce ketchup to the western world, but what they brought home tasted nothing like the sauce we affectionately squirt on our French fries today. It was a salty fish sauce similar in taste to oyster sauce. Coming from China, it was known by its Cantonese name ke-tsiap, and in the West, the name became catsup or ketchup.

如果你以为西红柿酱就像棒球和苹果派一样美式，那你可能得再多想想了。人们常误以为西红柿酱一定是源自于像美国之类的地方，因为西红柿酱是西方料理的要素之一，就像酱油在亚洲料理的地位一般。而令人惊讶的是，西红柿酱竟源自中国!十七世纪时，英国水手首次将西红柿酱引进西方世界，但他们带回家乡的东西尝起来一点都不像我们今日吃薯条时沾的酱料。他是一种味道似蚝油的咸鱼酱。西红柿酱来自中国，他的广东名称是「茄汁」，而这名称在西方则演变成「西红柿酱」。

The English tinkered with the taste of ketchup, adding ingredients like mushrooms, oysters, and even walnuts. But in the 1700s, colonial Americans revolutionized ketchup by using tomatoes as a base for the sauce. In 1830, a New England farmer began bottling and selling his version of tomato ketchup. Then in 1872, the Heinz Company featured its brand of ketchup at the Philadelphia fair. The flavor was so well-liked by the public that company founder H. J. Heinz saw little need to change anything about his formula. Over a century later, the recipe remains unaltered, and today, Heinz ketchup commands fifty percent of the American ketchup market. In fact, their product is now considered by many to be the standard by which all other ketchups are judged.

英国人试着变换西红柿酱的口味，加入一些像蘑菇、牡蛎，甚至是胡桃等食材。但十八世纪时，殖民时期的美国人彻底改革西红柿酱的做法，以西红柿作为主要原料。1830年，一位新英格兰的农夫开始把他自制的西红柿酱装罐贩卖。后来在1872年，汉斯公司在费城博览会时展出其自创品牌的西红柿酱。其味道十分受到大众欢迎，以致于该公司创办人汉斯认为不太需要改变其配方。一百多年后，该配方仍未改变，如今，汉斯西红柿酱占有全美一半的西红柿市场。事实上，他们的产品目前是很多人用来评比其它品牌西红柿酱的标准。

Vocabulary

cuisine [kwɪˋzin] n. 烹饪；烹调法

affectionately [əˋfɛkʃənɪtlɪ] adv. 充满深情地

oyster sauce 蚝油

colonial [kəˋlonjəl] adj. 殖民地的，殖民的

revolutionize [͵rɛvəˋluʃən͵aɪz] v. 改革

version [ˋvɝʒən] n. 版本

unaltered [ʌnˋɔltɚd] adj. 未被改变的；不变的

command [kəˋmænd] v. 拥有，掌握

More Information

condiment [ˋkɑndəmənt] n. 调味品；佐料

originate [əˋrɪdʒə͵net] v. 发源；来自

has its roots in 起源于

seaman [ˋsimən] n. 海员，水手

squirt skwɝt] v. 喷出

Cantonese [͵kæntəˋniz] adj. 广州（或广东）人的

tinker [ˋtɪŋkɚ] v. 粗劣的修补[S][（+with）]

walnut [ˋwɔlnət] n. 胡桃

well-liked  受人喜爱的

recipe [ˋrɛsəpɪ] n. 制作法; 食谱,处方,秘诀

課文中英文講解

Ketchup just might be the most popular condiment in the world. For many, a hamburger seems naked without it, and ketchup can be found in 97 percent of American households. It’s even found its way back into Chinese cooking, where ketchup is used in such classic dishes as sweet and sour pork.

西红柿酱可能是世界上最受欢迎的调味料。对很多人来说，没加西红柿酱的汉堡是索然无味的，而美国97%的家庭都备有西红柿酱，西红柿酱甚至可以追溯到中国料理的使用，像是咕咾肉这种经典料理就有使用西红柿酱。

Besides tasting great, ketchup is one of the healthier condiments around. It’s low in cholesterol and saturated fat, and it contains vitamins A and C along with potassium and riboflavin. Although ketchup contains substantial amounts of salt and sugar, one tablespoon of ketchup has only fifteen calories, compared with fifty-seven found in a tablespoon of mayonnaise. Ketchup may even help prevent cancer because the tomatoes in it contain lycopene, a cancer-fighting chemical.

除了美味，西红柿酱也是一种较健康的酱料之一。除了低胆固醇、低饱和脂肪，西红柿酱还含有维他命A、C及钾与核黄素。尽管西红柿酱含有大量的盐和糖，但一大匙西红柿酱的热量也只有五十卡而已，而一大匙的美乃滋却有五十七卡!西红柿酱甚至可能有助防癌，因为西红柿酱中的西红柿含有一种抗癌的化学成分茄红素。

Although ketchup can be good for you, few would consider it a health food. In the 1980s, when the U.S. Department of Agriculture declared that ketchup could be counted as a vegetable in school lunches, the public outcry forced a reversal of that decision. This wasn’t the only time ketchup was thrust into the political spotlight.

虽然西红柿酱有益健康，却没有什么人认为它是个健康食品。1980年代，当美国农业部宣布西红柿酱可以当成学校午餐中的一种蔬菜时，大众的强烈抗议使其撤回此决定。这并不是西红柿酱唯一一次被扯进政治焦点中。

During the 2004 U.S. presidential elections, ketchup became a hot topic. The wife of Democratic candidate John Kerry, Teresa Heinz, is the heiress to the Heinz ketchup fortune. Supporters of Republican candidate George W. Bush boycotted Heinz ketchup, and one entrepreneur even marketed a pro-Republican ketchup called “W ketchup.” No other condiment has been the center of so much controversy, but no other condiment has had the history or popularity of this tangy-sweet tomato sauce.

2004年美国总统大选时，西红柿酱成了热门话题。民主党候选人约翰凯瑞的太太泰瑞莎汉斯是汉斯西红柿酱财产的继承人。而共和党候选人乔治华克布什的支持者便杯葛汉斯西红柿酱，甚至有一位支持共和党的企业家推出名为「华氏」的西红柿酱。从来没有其它调味料如此大受争议，但也没有其它调味料有这个香味四溢的西红柿酱的丰富历史或是像它一样受欢迎。

－By Nick Wheeler & Will Thelin

Vocabulary

cholesterol [kəˋlɛstə͵rol] n. 胆固醇

substantial [səbˋstænʃəl]  adj. 大量的

mayonnaise [͵meəˋnez] n. 蛋黄酱，美乃滋

reversal [rɪˋvɝs!] n.. 逆转；废弃；取消

boycott [ˋbɔɪ͵kɑt] v. 联合抵制

controversy [ˋkɑntrə͵vɝsɪ] n. 争论，辩论

More Information

sweet and sour pork 咕咾肉; 糖醋里脊

saturated [ˋsætʃə͵retɪd] fat 饱和脂肪

potassium [pəˋtæsɪəm] n. 钾

riboflavin [͵raɪbəˋflevɪn] n. 核黄素﹐维生素B2

lycopene ['laɪkəpin] n. 茄红素

be counted as  被认为；被看作

outcry [ˋaʊt͵kraɪ] n. 强烈的抗议（或反对）[（+against/about）]

thrust [θrʌst] v. 用力推

spotlight [ˋspɑt͵laɪt] n. 公众注意的中心

heiress [ˋɛrɪs] n. 女继承人

entrepreneur [͵ɑntrəprəˋnɝ] n. 企业家；事业创办者

pro-Republican（美国）亲共和党的

tangy [ˋtæŋɪ] adj.（味道）强烈的；（香气）扑鼻的

Reading Questions

1. According to the articles in the unit, what can we say about the origin of ketchup?

A. People often assume that British sailors invented the sauce because they introduced it into the western world.

B. It came from Asia, but it originally didn’t taste anything like the ketchup we know today.

C. It originated in China, and it played an important part in the development of Asia cooking styles.

D. It originally came from Asia, where it was traditionally made from soy sauce.

2. What do the articles in the unit say about Heinz ketchup?

A. Although it’s popular now, it wasn’t accepted at the Philadelphia fair.

B. It was the first ketchup sold to the public in bottles.

C. It was revolutionary because it was the first ketchup to have tomatoes in it.

D. The ingredients and recipe for it haven’t changed on over one hundred years.

3. Why do articles in the unit state that ketchup is a relatively healthy condiment to eat?

A. It contains much less salt than other condiments like mayonnaise.

B. It contains chemicals that may help in fighting cancer.

C. It has high amounts of a special kind of fat which is healthy for us.

D. It has a low amount of calories because of its low sugar content.

4. According to the articles in the unit, why was ketchup so politically controversial?

A. Because the U.S. government tries to allow ketchup to be considered as a proper vegetable.

B. Because Teresa Heinz refused to support her husband in the 2004 U.S. presidential elections.

C. Because “W ketchup” was sold to school to be used in their school lunches for students.

D. Because John Kerry promoted Heinz ketchup for his wife during the 2004 elections.

Answer