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Clashes in Northern Iraq Pose An International Dilemma; Significant Discovery is Made Beneath Jerusalem`s Western Wall; Dow Hits a Record High

CARL AZUZ, CNN 10 ANCHOR: Your objective 10-minute update of world news starts now. I`m Carl Azuz, and this is CNN 10.

First story we`re explaining today involves trouble in Northern Iraq, between two groups that were allied with each other in the fight against

ISIS. Kirkuk is an important city in the region that`s rich in oil. When ISIS swept to power in 2014, Iraqi forces abandoned Kirkuk and it came

under the control of the Kurds, an ethnic group in the area that`s helped the Iraqi government and the U.S. battle ISIS terrorists.

So, what`s happening there now?

In late September, the Kurds held a controversial referendum. They voted for independence. And they claimed Kirkuk as part of their own territory.

That`s something the Iraqi government did not accept. And earlier this week, it sent troops to take over the city and some other Kurdish held

territory in the region.

In the confrontation between the Kurds and the Iraqi military around Kirkuk, Kurdish officials say at least 16 Kurdish fighters were killed and

dozens were wounded. The United Nations estimates that more than 61,000 people were forced to leave their homes in the area.

The instability between the Kurds and the Iraqi government is an international dilemma. Just as there are a number of reasons why many

Kurds want to be independent, there are a number of reasons why Iraq and several other countries don`t want them to be.

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SUBTITLE: Who are the Kurds?

BECKY ANDERSON, CNN INTERNATIONAL CORRESPONDENT: They are an ethnic group spread across the Middle East. They got their own language, their own

culture and history. There are about 25 million to 30 million of them. The majority are Sunni Muslims, leaving in Kurdish regions in Iran, in Iraq, Syria and Turkey.

Sunni [ˋsʌnɪ] adj.（伊斯兰教正统）逊尼派（的）

The Kurds were largely nomadic until the end of the World War I, which saw the breakup of the Ottoman Empire. As borders were redrawn across the Arab

nomadic [noˋmædɪk] adj. 游牧的, 游牧民族的, 流浪的

world, there were calls for an independent Kurdistan. But those never materialized, and Kurds became increasingly marginalized in their own countries.

materialize [məˋtɪrɪəl͵aɪz] v. 使具体化

In 1988, former Iraqi President Saddam Hussein used chemical weapons on Iraqi Kurds who opposed his regime. Tens of thousands of civilians and the

Kurdish rebels were killed. Iraq granted Kurds autonomy in 2005 after the fall of Saddam. In recent years, Kurdish fighters known as Peshmerga have

grant [grænt] v. 同意，准予

autonomy [ɔˋtɑnəmɪ] n. 自治；自治权

also been on the frontlines in the fight against ISIS, in Iraq and in Syria.

Military might has brought with it greater political leverage but an independent Kurdish state will likely not happen anytime soon, regional

leverage [ˋlɛvərɪdʒ] n. 手段；力量；影响力

powers like Turkey and Iran are a definitive no, both having fought Kurdish separatists over the years and even Western global powers aren`t that keen.

definitive [dɪˋfɪnətɪv] adj. 决定性的；最后的

They worried about the instability such a move could spark.

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AZUZ (voice-over): Ten-second trivia:

Which of these historical sites in Jerusalem is the oldest?

Western Wall, Dome of the Rock, Church of Saint Anne, or Church of the Holy Sepulchre?

Of these options, the Western or Wailing Wall which was likely built around the second or first century B.C. is the oldest.

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(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

SUBTITLE: Archaeologists have uncovered remains of a theater-like structure beneath Jerusalem`s Western Wall.

Thought to be from the Roman period, the ruins have been hidden for 1,700 years.

The discovery confirms historical writings about a theater near the Temple Mount and brings archaeologists closer to the understanding what Jerusalem

was like during its time as a Roman colony.

The theater contained approximately 200 seats. However, excavators believe it was never used.

excavator [ˋɛkskə͵vetɚ] n. 开凿者；发掘者

The remains show construction was abandoned before the building was completed.

But Israel Antiquities Authority say solving the "mystery of Jerusalem`s los theater" is the "real drama".

antiquity [ænˋtɪkwətɪ] n. 古代的遗物；古器物；古代的风俗习惯

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AZUZ: At the end of the day, in the U.S. stock market, the Dow Jones Industrial Average has never closed higher than 23,000 points, at least not

before yesterday. That`s when it reached a new record, closing at 23,157 points. It gained 160 points during the day.

What does this mean? For one thing, it means stocks are up. The Dow was an average of 30 significant stocks. Companies like Apple, Home Depot,

McDonald`s, Nike and Walmart are all in it.

When the Dow is up, it`s a sign the U.S. stock markets up. And when the stock markets up, it`s one indicator of good health in the U.S. economy.

Though the Federal Reserve says wages, another economic indicator, are not doing as well.

The Dow has set a string of records this year. It hit 22,000 for the first time in August. It can be influenced by uncertainty about the future and

events in the news, from natural disasters, to legislation by Congress.

Our next story, especially if you are an artist, you`re probably very familiar with the works of Johannes Vermeer and Claude Monet. How about

Han van Meegeren and John Myatt? It`s true, they`re also artists, but they achieved world recognition by forging art, fraudulently copying it and

passing it off as original masterworks. While that is illegal, there is a way in which a world class art forger could make a lawful living and its

today`s "Great Big Story".


AZUZ: Irene Sewell is a former ballroom dancer, a current runner and an employee at a physical therapy office. All that may factor in to the Guinness World Record she just set.

ballroom [ˋbɔl͵rʊm] n. 舞厅,跳舞场

While dancing, she learned to move quickly and precisely at high heels, while running, she got in shape for a marathon. And because she just ran a

marathon in high heels, here record finish of seven hours, 28 minutes documented in this Facebook video, physical therapy may help her recover.

Because even though she earned the record, she still knows the agony of de- feet. It`s no small feat that she put her best foot forward and step across that finish line after staying on her toes the whole race. Of

agony [ˋægənɪ] n. 极度痛苦；苦恼

course, she may need time to heel, but with two minutes to spare, she was a shoe-in for the record.

I`m Carl Azuz and that`s CNN 10.

END

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ADAM LOWE, DIRECTOR, FACTUM FOUNDATION: Main difficulties of working with any vulnerable or fragile work of cultural heritage is the respect you have

to have for that object.

Technology is at the point right now where we can record the surface of an object down to fractions of a millimeter. And it`s true, this kind of

fraction [ˋfrækʃən] n.【数】分数

understanding that allows you to communicate across time and across cultures.

SUBTITLE: Fake art for the future.

LOWE: The task of heritage protection and preservation is a real challenge.

The mission of factum foundation is to record cultural heritage, so in the event that there`s a disaster or an accident, we have the data to know what

was there exactly as it is.

We`re pioneering a number of methods to return that information into the physical world. We`re doing CNC milling, we`re doing 3D printing, but we`re trying to go beyond that.

milling [ˋmɪlɪŋ] n.【机】铣

A facsimile of the Borgherini Chapel. The facsimile of the tomb of Tutankhamun in the Valley of the Kings. An exact facsimile of Veronese`s Wedding at Cana.

facsimile [fækˋsɪməlɪ] n. 摹写；（真）本

The biggest project that`s going on at the moment is an exact facsimile of the Tomb of Seti I, which will be given to the people of Egypt as soon as

it`s finished.

Two hundred years ago, the concern was not one of preservation. The concern was one of Indiana Jones and discovery and excitement and cultural

acquisitions. The tombs in the Valley of the Kings lasted successfully for 3,000, 3,500 years. But since they`ve been visited, they start to decline

and decay rapidly.

I think the facsimile is opening up a whole new level of possibility for display, preservation, conservation, restoration, communication,

dissemination of what`s important about these objects. If only we can preserve it like it is, and document it and hand it on to future generations, then there`s hope.

dissemination [dɪ͵sɛməˋneʃən] n. 散播；宣传

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