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Disputes Take Place on South China Sea Between China and The U.S. Navy; One of The Leading Fatal Accidents are Lead by Texting and Driving

CARL AZUZ, CNN 10 HOST: Hi I`m Carl Azuz with your down the middle explanation of world events, this is CNN 10, we`re happy to see you just

one day away from Friday. Our first story is on what was like a game of chicken between two warships in the South China Sea.
 

game of chicken 懦夫游戏

Here`s what happened, the USS Decatur an American destroyer was conducting a freedom of navigation operation on Sunday. It was sailing near reefs in

the Spratly Islands, which are located in the South China Sea, when a Chinese destroyer approached the American ship.
 

Spratly Islands 南沙群岛

The U.S. Navy says the Chinese warship gave warnings for the American vessel to leave the area and conducted a series of increasingly aggressive

maneuvers, at one point forcing the USS Decatur to make a radical move to avoid a possible collision.
 

maneuver [məˋnuvɚ] n. 军事演习;（船、飞机等的）机动动作

The Navy says at one point the two vessels were within 45 yards of each other, you can see how close that is by these photos released by a Maritime

vlog site. A former U.S. Navy Captain says the USS Decatur would have had the right of way under international law, but that the Chinese ship broke

the rules of the road.

All of this centers on disputed reefs in the South China Sea. China has built islands there which it claims as its territory, but the U.S. and

several other countries don`t recognize these man-made islands as Chinese territory. So when the U.S. Navy sails nearby on freedom of navigation

operations, it says it`s enforcing the right of international ships to pass freely through international waters.

Well China says it`s defending and safeguarding Chinese territorial waters. This dispute has been building just as the islands have been built up in

the South China Sea.

(BEGIN VIDEO TAPE)

UNIDENTIFIED MALE: The South China Sea is one of the busiest and most militarized shipping routes in the world. Experts also believe a wealth of

oil and gas is lying below the area`s surface. China claims almost all of this body of water for itself, ignoring competing claims from countries

like the Philippines and Vietnam.

To complicate things further, Brunei, Malaysia and the island Taiwan also have territorial claims. To legitimize its claims China has built up
 

Brunei [bruˋnaɪ] n. 文莱

artificial islands in the Spratly Chain.

Take Fiery Cross Reef, for example, in 2015 CNN flew with the U.S. Navy over Fiery Cross Reef which was already a man-made island. And this is
 

Fiery Cross Reef 永暑礁

what it looks like today, airstrips, radar towers, four and five story concrete buildings.
 

airstrip [ˋɛr͵strɪp] n. 临时飞机跑道，简便机场；小型机场

Lieutenant Lauren Callen is the Commander of the U.S. Navy, who flies over the South China Sea.

LIEUTENANT LAUREN CALLEN, U.S. NAVY: It was very surprising to see just essentially air parts (ph) out in the middle of the ocean.

UNIDENTIFIED MALE: Much of China`s territorial claims are based on something called the Nine-Dash Line, which is used by Beijing to mark out

what it sees as Chinese territory. The Nine-Dash line takes in nearly all of the South China Sea, an area the size of Mexico.

Historically, the Nine-Dash line has caused a lot of attention, so much so, that when the Philippines took China to the Permanent Court of Arbitration in the Hague back in 2016,
 

so much so 以至于

Permanent Court of Arbitration : 常设仲裁法院

arbitration [͵ɑrbəˋtreʃən] n. 仲裁，调定

Hague [heg] n. 海牙（荷兰的行政中心）

the court rejected most of Beijing`s claims over the South China Sea, finding them illegal, but there`s no real

way to enforce the court`s ruling.

So China has refused to abide by it, instead, continuing to build up artificial islands to reinforce its claims of sovereignty.
 

abide [əˈbaɪd] v. 遵守

sovereignty [ˋsɑvrɪntɪ] n. 统治权[U]；主权

UNIDENTIFIED MALE: They`ve militarized these new artificial islands, so they`ve built airstrips, they`ve put missile systems on there, they`ve put

radar jamming stations, they`ve put radar installations. And so, all of that (inaudible) mentality, over the last several years, has really caused tensions to rise.
 

radar jamming 雷达干扰

UNIDENTIFIED MALE: This is where the U.S. comes into the dispute. For the past year, it has stepped up its naval operations in South China Sea,
 

step up 加快; 增加; 促进

sailing within miles of China`s artificial islands, showing its commitment to maintaining freedom of navigation. It also monitors developments from

above, regularly flying over the South China Sea in Navy reconnaissance planes.
 

reconnaissance [rɪˋkɑnəsəns] n. 侦察；勘察

This has created tense standoffs between the U.S. and China, like this warning the crew received while CNN was flying with them.
 

standoff [ˋstænd͵ɔf] n.【美】僵持

UNIDENTIFIED MALE: U.S. military aircraft, this is the Chinese military. China has sovereignty of the Nansha Islands, including the reef and its

adjacent waters. Leave immediately and keep off to avoid any misunderstanding.

UNIDENTIFIED MALE: (Inaudible) United States Naval aircraft conducting lawful military activities beyond the national airspace of any coastal

states and exercising these rights, as guaranteed by international law. I am operating with due regard to the rights of duties of all states.
 

due [dju] n. 应得之物；应得权益

UNIDENTIFIED MALE: Time may be running out to effectively challenge China`s claim in the South China Sea, though. Admiral Philip Davidson, the

new head of the U.S. Pacific Command, told senators, during a conformation hearing in April, that China is now capable of controlling South China Sea

in all scenarios, short of war, with the United States.
 

short of 除...外

(END VIDEO TAPE)

AZUZ: Ten-second Trivia. On average, which of these celestial objects is about 140 million miles away from Earth? Is it the Moon, the Sun, Mars or

Pluto? Though the exact distance varies because it has it has its own orbit, Mars is an average of 140 million miles away.

So getting there, if and when a manned Mars mission gets off the ground, could take nine months, and that could mean some major problems as far as

an astronaut`s health is concerned.

Previously, we`ve discussed the eye and back problems that astronauts on longer missions have experienced. Since the late 1980s, more than half the

Americans who`ve spent time in space have complained of back pain.

Now researchers at Georgetown University Medical Center have published a new study paid for by NASA. It found that deep-space missions could

permanently harm astronauts intestines, causing stomach and colon cancer.
 

intestine [ɪnˋtɛstɪn] n. 肠

Scientists got their results by exposing mice to heavy ion radiation, which is believed to be like the galactic cosmic radiation that someone would be

exposed to in deep-space. At low radiation doses, the long exposure times caused a lot of intestinal problems for the mice. It also prevented them

from absorbing nutrients from their food.

Researchers say it`s harder to prevent radiation exposure like this in deep-space, and that there`s no medicine to reverse the permanent organ

damage that his radiation causes. They believe that other organs, besides the intestines, would be affected, too.

Relatively short space trips, like those to the Moon, might not lead to this kind of damage, according to researchers.

Our next story today, no country on earth has an average life expectancy of 100. We told you earlier this week that Monaco, which you see right here -
 

Monaco [ˋmɑnə͵ko] n. 摩纳哥（欧洲西南部国家）

- has the longest life expectancy, that`s 89-1/2 years. And the other nations in the top 10 for that people can expect to live on average,

between 82 and 85 years.

But if you were hoping to become a centenarian we have some new tips for you in our ongoing living to 100 series. CNN`s Doctor Sanjay Gupta is
 

centenarian [͵sɛntəˋnɛrɪən] n. 百岁的人

getting back to basics today, basic safety.

(BEGIN VIDEO TAPE)

SANJAY GUPTA, CNN CHIEF MEDICIAL CORRESPONDENT I don`t think a lot of people realize this but if you`re under the age of 45 in this country the

number one cause of death is from unintentional injuries. All the other things -- heart disease, diabetes, stroke, cancer -- all those things are

typically in people who are older. But it`s trauma usually from unintentional injuries that is most likely to kill somebody who is younger.
 

trauma [ˋtrɔmə] n. 【医】外伤，伤口

Just think about that every time you get behind the wheel, 32,000 people die every year, 2 million are injured every year in car accidents. The

biggest problem I think now, especially for this generation is looking at the phone, texting and driving.

And there`s been plenty of evidence to show how much you can divert your attention even by looking at the phone for a split second, from the road,
 

divert [daɪˋvɝt] v. 使分心

a split second 一剎那,一瞬间,顷刻,片刻

and how far your car can actually travel during that time -- that`s another prescription for an accident.

I love to bike, I think you can do it on the open road and you can do it safely but you`ve got to keep a few things in mind. You always want to

obviously ride with traffic, you want to obey traffic laws just like the vehicles do. And I`m not saying this just because I`m a neurosurgeon, but

never forget to wear your helmet. And keep biking, because it`s good for exercise. It`s good for your body, and it`ll help you live to 100.

(END VIDEO TAPE)

AZUZ: High-end athletic shoes can set you back anywhere from $80 to $160, the most expensive men`s dress shoes I can find were $1,900. These are
 

set back 花费

priced even higher, now before I tell you how much they cost here`s a few things to keep in mind -- they`re made of leather, silk, gold and diamonds.

That includes two flawless stones of 15 karats each. They`re on sale in Dubai United Arab Emirates, they`re custom-made and they`re believed to be
 

flawless [ˋflɔlɪs] adj. 无瑕疵的，完美的

the most expensive shoes on the planet. Now for the price, $17 million, that`s more than some islands. So I guess it comes down to what you want

to set foot on. You`d have to be more than well-heeled to afford those high heels.
 

well-heeled [ˋwɛlˋhild] adj.【口】富有的

You`d have to stilet-go (ph) of a fortune, and they could be a shoe-in for foot pain, so you may win the shoes but still have the agony of defeat.
 

agony [ˋægənɪ] n. 极度痛苦；苦恼

It`d be interesting to see which buyer puts their best foot forward and steps out to toe the line on such over archingly (ph) expensive shoes.

She`ll only need one since they already cost an arm and a leg.
 

cost an arm and a leg 耗资不菲；付出高昂的代价

I`m Carl Azuz and that`s CNN.

END