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History Of Voting In America; New Theories About Water On The Moon; Ways You Can Verify News You Read Online.

CARL AZUZ, CNN 10 ANCHOR: Welcome back to CNN 10 on this Wednesday, October 28th. I`m Carl Azuz. Glad to have you spending 10 minutes of your day with

us. With less than a week to go before the 2020 U.S. presidential election, voting in America past and present is the subject we`re leading off with

today.

When it was signed in 1787, the U.S. Constitution didn`t lay out specifics on citizen voting. It left decisions about that up to the states but it
 

specific [spɪˋsɪfɪk] n. 详情；详细说明书

also left the door open for Congress to make laws about voting. In practice, the right to go to the polls was originally limited to white men

over age 21 and they were supposed to own land as well.

But in 1868, the 14th Amendment was ratified. It extended citizenship and voting rights to all men born in America as long as they were 21. And the
 

ratify [ˋrætə͵faɪ] v.（正式）批准；认可

15th Amendment ratified in 1870 specifically protected the right of citizens to vote regardless of their race.

There was still discrimination at the polls like poll taxes and literacy tests that prevented many African Americans from voting. Meanwhile, the
 

poll tax 人头税

right of women to vote wasn`t constitutionally protected until 1920. Before that, they could only go to the polls in certain states but the 19th

Amendment guaranteed women`s voting rights in all states.

Poll taxes were abolished by the ratification of the 24th Amendment in 1964 and the Voting Rights Act, a Federal law passed the next year abolished

literacy tests. So this helped ensure Americans would have the right to vote regardless of their race, religion or level of education. But they

still had to be at least 21 years old until 1971.

That`s the year the 26th Amendment was passed and that`s the amendment that protected the right of 18-year-olds to vote. Historically speaking, turnout
 

turnout [ˋtɝn͵aʊt] n.（集会等的）出席者; 出来

by America`s younger voters has been lower than it has been by older groups. But this year, there are indications that voters between 18 and 29

years old are casting significantly more ballots than they did in 2016 at least as far as early voting is concerned.

(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)

UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: The University of Virginia Sophomore Libby Klinger (ph) is up early on a Saturday ready to roll.

UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: (Inaudible)

UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: Joining fellow campus Republicans to get out the vote.

UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: There is a lot of enthusiasm among young conservatives to vote. Especially in this critical year with everything that`s been going

on with the pandemic. We`re out here canvassing today.
 

canvass [ˋkænvəs] v. 进行游说；拉选票

UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: They`re the diehards but still say everyone they know is voting.
 

diehard [ˋdaɪ͵hɑrd] n. 死硬派；顽固分子

UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: People are really starting to recognize just all of the different chaos within the political climate right now. That voting is

only the real say that we can have.

UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: UVA Democrats are driving people to the polls. Hunter Hess (ph) waited with Maeve Connick for over an hour to cast an early vote.

UNIDENTIFIED MALE: We`ve been doing it a lot, especially with first year students who like don`t know the voting process very well.

UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: I don`t know if I know anyone, like, any of my personal friends that haven`t voted already.

UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: On the lawn, these students say voting is trendy.

UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: Like, people on social media, they’ll like post a picture of them and their ballot.

UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: So it`s almost like, you feel a little pressure to vote.

UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: Yes.

UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: Young voters are a crucial part of the electorate and are already making up a large share of early voting across 14 key states

compared to 2016. In Wisconsin, early voting among young people is up from where it was in 2016 and both parties are working it.

UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: We`ve seen an increase in the number of people asking questions about how to get registered to vote and trying to get registered

to vote.

UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: The share of the youth vote is almost double what it was this time four years ago in Florida.

UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: Welcome to the FSU and famu.

UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: College students here and across the pandemic-stricken country largely organize virtually.

(END VIDEO CLIP)

AZUZ: 10 Second Trivia. How long does it take the moon to orbit Earth? One day, 27 hours, 27 days or one year. It takes just over 27 days for the moon

to orbit the Earth. We can see it more often than that because of how fast the Earth rotates.

NASA says it`s confirmed the presence of water on the sunlit surface of the moon but it`s not like the lakes and rivers we see on Earth. Researchers
 

sunlit [ˋsʌn͵lɪt] adj. 阳光照射的

have been making closer examinations of the moon`s surface. Their tools include NASA`s $580 million Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter and the $3 billion

SOFIA Telescope which is mounted to a plane.

With the telescope, scientists examined the moon`s surface through a wavelength that the naked eye might not be able to see. And NASA says that

detected water that`s trapped in glass beads or in between grains on certain parts of the moon.
 

glass bead 玻璃珠

grain [gren] n.（砂，盐等的）粒，细粒

It`s not a lot. In one of the moon`s largest craters, it`s about as much as a 12-ounce bottle of water according to NASA. With the Lunar Reconnaissance

Orbiter, scientists looked at moon areas that are always shadowed from the sun and theorized that many of these shadows could be filled with ice. They

don`t know for sure.

And if there is water here, no one knows exactly how it got there but NASA wants to do more research through future moon missions. It`s difficult and

expensive to carry water into space. If the moon has enough of it, it could help supply everything from rocket fuel to drinking water for visitors.

(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)

(END VIDEO CLIP)

AZUZ: American intelligence officials are warning that China, Iran and Russia are all planning to interfere with next week`s presidential election

if they haven`t already. This might be done through cyber attacks, spreading misleading information, voter or ballot fraud. All three of these
 

misleading [mɪsˋlidɪŋ] ad. 使人误解的

countries have denied meddling in the election.
 

meddle [ˋmɛd!] v. 干涉；管闲事[（+in/with）]  

But with so much information out there, CNN 10 recently put together a special edition called checking your sources, which can help you identify

misinformation or fake news online. It`s available right now at CNN10.com. Meanwhile, our friends at CNN Business have some more tips to help you

ensure that what you`re reading is the truth.

(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)

UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: Let`s say you`re scrolling through Facebook and oh look, another shocking headline. So shocking that it must be false but this

time it kind of looks true. You`re not alone if you have this dilemma. Here`s how to spot fake or misleading information online.
 

dilemma [dəˋlɛmə] n. 困境，进退两难

For posts that link to a Web site, first check what the website`s domain is, .edu and .gov are generally considered to be trustworthy. When it comes

to news articles, check what news outlet the information is coming from. Is it from a well-known and trustworthy source?

If you`re skeptical, the easiest thing to do is search for the same story elsewhere. If other reputable outlets have covered it, the story is more

reliable. Oh, please don`t forget. The "Onion" is satire. When vetting posts, it`s also important to check the dates that the article or tweet was
 

vet [vɛt] v. 诊疗；调查；检查

first published.

Headlines can sometimes appear to be relevant but the actual story or tweet is outdated or out of context and therefore misleading. For posts by

individual users, look to see if that user has a blue checkmark next to their name.
 

checkmark 检查标志

The checkmark means that Facebook and Twitter have verified the account is run by a real person or organization that matches the username. Verify
 

verify [ˋvɛrə͵faɪ] v. 核对，查实

checkmarks shouldn`t be your sole indication that the information is accurate. It`s important to combine all these steps together to be able to

make the best judgment.

And lastly, if you`re unsure about information you see on your social media at the very least don`t repost it. Sharing information that you can`t
 

at the very least 至少, 起码

confirm is true will only make you part of the problem.

(END VIDEO CLIP)

AZUZ: Any game involving an excavator is going to be done on a big scale. To celebrate its 95th year in business, the Caterpillar Construction
 

caterpillar [ˋkætɚ͵pɪlɚ] n. 履带车; 毛虫

Equipment Company built a giant Pac-Man game board. The goals, to show off the machinery and the industry to future workers.

After it was built, customers, gamers and operators were allowed to remotely control Pac-Man and the ghosts through skid-steer loaders. It took
 

skid-steer loader 推土机

70 man hours to dig out the maze.

But what an "amazeing" "midway" to show off. We don`t know who had the "Genysis" of the idea but "Nintendon`t" knock it `till you`ve tried it. Why

be "Atareasonable" when you have the "Calicovision" that "Segi" your funds into fun and games. I`m Carl Azuz and tomorrow we`ll be "back-man".

I want to give a shout out to our friends at Glenwood High School. It`s great to have you watching from Bowling Green, Kentucky and thank you for

your comment at YouTube.com/CNN.

END