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A Glimpse of Inauguration Security; An Explanation of Herd Immunity & A Report on COVID-19 Vaccines; An Avalanche Survival Story.

CARL AZUZ, CNN 10 ANCHOR: Welcome one, welcome all to CNN 10. My name is Carl Azuz. It`s great to have you watching this Tuesday, January 19th.

We are one day away from inauguration day in America. The U.S. Constitution set that date as January 20th every four years.

Keeping people safe is always a challenge at these events. Under normal circumstances, there are hundreds of thousands in attendants, watching a

new or reelected leader take the oath of office and describe a vision for the next four years.
 

oath [oθ] n. 誓言，誓约；宣誓

But these ain`t normal circumstances. The coronavirus pandemic is one big reason why. Additional security concerns are another, following the riot

that took place at the U.S. Capitol building on January 6th.

And we told you last week how through an internal bulletin, the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation had warned of possible armed protests at
 

bulletin [ˋbʊlətɪn] n. 公报；公告

state capitols in the days leading up to the inauguration. Those did not happen, at least not in a large scale. There were some protests and

counter-protests in several states over the weekend, but observers say the crowds were peaceful and manageable for the large numbers of police

officers who were on hand.
 

on hand 在场

There will be as many as 25,000 National Guard troops on hand for inauguration day -- at least that`s how many the Pentagon has authorized

for the job of keeping the event secure. A retired Army officer says the National Guard and before that, the militia, have been deployed to every

inauguration since the days of President George Washington. But he added that 25,000 is about twice as many as there have been in other recent

inaugurations.

There was a temporary lockdown at the U.S. Capitol building yesterday. Witnesses said they saw smoke a few blocks away and the lockdown

interrupted a rehearsal for President-elect Joe Biden`s inauguration. The problem turned out to be a fire at a homeless camp not far from the

Capitol, but the response gives you a sense of the heightened security that`s present for the inauguration.

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

ALEXANDER MARQUARDT, CNN SENIOR NATIONAL SECURITY CORRESPONDENT: Here on the streets of Washington, D.C., things are pretty quiet. There`s a sense

that this is the calm before the storm. The question is whether the storm comes, whether there`s more violence in the days leading up to and on the

day of Joe Biden`s inauguration.

They are not taking any chances. We are here just near the eastern side of the Capitol building. You can see they`ve set up what is essentially a fortress
 

not take any chances 不要心存僥倖

fortress [ˋfɔrtrɪs] n. 要塞，堡垒

around the capital eight foot fences. They call them non-scalable. There`s razor wire all along the top there is just a staggering amount of
 

scalable [ˋskeləb!]adj. 可攀登的

razor wire 尖利铁丝网

security here on the streets of D.C. many of which have been closed down for traffic and for Pedestrian traffic.

Thousands -- 25,000 National Guard troops may be mobilized for the inauguration of Joe Biden. You can see some of them right here behind me.

They have been deployed near the capitol they are armed and they have been joined by various law enforcement agencies to create this patchwork of
 

patchwork [ˋpætʃ͵wɝk] n. 拼凑的东西

security, this incredible, coordinated security operation.

Now, the FBI has said that there are no specific threats but there is concerning online chatter. They have said in a bulletin that armed groups
 

chatter [ˋtʃætɚ] n. 唠叨

have expressed interest in carrying out protests in D.C. and in all 50 states. And one of the concerns expressed by the mayor of Washington, D.C. on

Sunday was that because the federal buildings here in D.C. are so fortified and there`s so much security in the nation`s capitol, that would be
 

fortified [ˋfɔrtəfaɪd] adj. 加强的

protesters or rioters could target other parts of the city or state capitols.
 

rioter [ˋraɪətɚ] n. 暴徒，暴民

(END VIDEOTAPE)

AZUZ: A CNN medical analyst says the United States might have passed the peak of new coronavirus cases. A few weeks ago, health officials said

hospitalizations related to the disease were at about 132,000 per day. Now, these hospitalizations are down to 124,000 per day. So some improvement

there.

But a former commissioner from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration says there`s a new variant of COVID, a new strain of it that could cause another

increase in coronavirus cases. He says the silver lining there is that a lot of people will have already been infected with the disease and will be
 

silver lining 困境中的一丝希望；慰籍

immune to it, and a lot of others will be getting a new emergency vaccine.

This is how herd immunity is achieved. It`s when most of a population becomes immune to a disease and it can happen in two main ways, either
 

herd immunity 群体免疫

enough people have recovered from the illness and developed immunity naturally, or a drug like a vaccine prevents people from getting sick in

the first place. Scientists don`t know yet if the two approved vaccines work against the new COVID variant.

There`s also been some confusion about whether the second doses will be available. Drugmakers say each of the approved vaccines requires two shots

given a few weeks apart to be fully effective, and because the government released all of its available doses to try to give as many people as

possible their first shot, it`s not clear if the second dose will be available to everyone on time.

The Trump administration says it`s confident that ongoing vaccine production will keep up with demand.

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

DR. LEANA WEN, CNN MEDICAL ANALYST: If you`ve received the vaccine but others around you haven't, you still have to follow precautions. That`s

because we don`t know yet whether the vaccine prevents you from being a carrier of coronavirus. You could be immune from getting ill yourself but

might still transmit the virus to others without knowing it.

So if you are getting together with members of your extended family who are not vaccinated, make sure that everyone is still following precautions. See
 

extended family（几代同堂的）大家庭

one another outdoors with members of different households spaced at least six feet apart, avoid being indoors together and wear masks if you must be.
 

space [spes] v. 隔开

Some people who have received the vaccine might decide that they can take on risks that they might not have before. Maybe they want to travel or get

that hug from a grandchild remember that the vaccine is still not 100 percent effective. So it`s important to keep up other measures like masking to
 

keep up 保持(同一速度或水平); 继续

reduce risk, also risk is additive. So if you do one high risk activity, don`t also do others.
 

additive [ˋædətɪv] adj. 加成的; characterized or produced by addition; cumulative

Remember too that it takes time for the vaccine to kick in. Two-dose vaccines require both doses to be administered, then another two to three
 

kick in  开始生效

weeks to reach a high level of immunity.

(END VIDEOTAPE)

(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)

AZUZ (voice-over): Ten-second trivia:

The terms "starting zone," "track," and "runout zone" are typically used to describe what?

Avalanches, mudslides, ski jumps or dragstrips?
 

dragstrip [ˈdræɡstrɪp] n. 短程高速赛车道

These are all terms to describe the detachment of a large mass of snow and ice known as an avalanche.

(END VIDEO CLIP)

AZUZ: There are around 4,000 avalanches in Colorado every year. The Colorado Avalanche Information Center says people trigger about 90 percent

of these disasters.

And Maurice or Maurice Kervin is one of those people. He says he knew conditions were risky on January 8th when he and a friend were snowboarding

in the back country, a remote area near Loveland Pass. His quick thinking and a survival airbag which you`ll hear give a whooshing sound in this next

report are the likely reasons why he was able to survive and record an avalanche.

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

MAURICE KERVIN, SURVIVED AN AVALANCHE: I was the trigger point for sure. You`ll see me glance in the video above my right shoulder. I`m watching the
 

glance [glæns] v. 擦过; 用（眼睛）扫视

cracks go up the ridge above me.

I didn`t really panic much at all. My go-to was to stay afloat at first.

SUBTITLE: Maurice Kervin says this moment, releasing an avalanche airbag, helped save his life.

KERVIN: Basically pull that strap and it opens an air tank in your backpack that inflates the bag above your head and so it kind of gives your

back and neck a little bit of shelter.

SUBTITLE: The avalanche happened near Loveland Pass, about 50 miles west of Denver.

An avalanche killed five snowboarders in the same area in 2013.

An average of 27 people have died in avalanches each winter in the U.S. over the last decade.

(END VIDEOTAPE)

AZUZ: For "10 out of 10" today, do you want to build a snowman? Well, whether or not you do, it`s probably not going to be quite this big. This

is a snow monster, a snow Megalodon, a snow -- man, it`s 15 feet tall.

A family in Iowa put this thing together. The young man who led the way happens to be six feet three inches tall, and he used an eight-foot ladder

to top it off.

Rome wasn`t built in a day and neither was this thin. The builders just kept adding to it whenever they could.

When folks are home and frozen too, the next right thing may be to venture into the unknown, avoid getting lost in the woods and ask every friend who

doesn`t have a frozen heart if they want to build a snowman. Hey, some things never change.

Coincidentally, it`s a school in Sioux City, Iowa, that gets today`s shout- out. Talking about North High School. Thank you for subscribing and leaving a comment at youtube.com/CNN10.

I m Carl Azuz for CNN 10.

END