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Exploring The History Of The President`s "Annual Message"; History And Exploring Skyscrapers; Drones In A Light Show Over China.

CARL AZUZ, CNN 10 ANCHOR: It`s the last week of April and we are happy to have you watching CNN 10. I`m Carl Azuz hope you had a great weekend. First subject

of the week, the State of the Union Address or is it the "Annual Message" or is it a speech to a joint session of Congress. Some of the above?

This week, U.S. President Joe Biden is scheduled to speak before the U.S. Senate and the House of Representatives, hence a joint session of Congress.

Article II, Section 3 of the U.S. Constitution states that the president shall do this quote "from time to time". It doesn`t say it has to be done

on TV. It doesn`t say it has to be done in person. It doesn`t say when the information has to be given.

Tradition plays a dominate role in the president`s annual message. Everything we`re used to seeing, even when we`re used to seeing it. The

previous six presidents gave their first speeches to the entire Congress in February but that`s been a recent tradition not a Constitutional

requirement.

In fact, it`s tradition that a president`s first speech to the entire Congress isn`t called a "State of the Union" address. The idea behind that

is that the newly inaugurated leader hasn`t been office long enough to be an authority of the "State of the Union". CNN Contributor Rachel Janfaza
 

authority [əˋθɔrətɪ] n. 权威人士；专家

explores what exactly is happening Wednesday night.

(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)

RACHEL JANFAZA, CNN CONTRIBUTOR: President Biden will soon deliver his first address to a joint session of Congress. But Carl, it technically

won`t be his first "State of the Union" address which is what the president`s annual message to a joint session of Congress, the Justices of

the Supreme Court, the president`s cabinet and other special guests is usually called.

Traditionally, a president is in office for a year before they give their first "State of the Union" address. Most presidents are usually invited to

speak before a joint session of Congress during their first few months in office.

This speech before both the House of Representatives and the Senate Chambers can be referred to as an "Annual Message" or a message on a

particular topic such as an economic message. The tradition is rooted in the Constitution. The Constitution states that the president shall from

time to time give the Congress information of the "state of the union" and recommend to their consideration such measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient.

expedient [ɪkˋspidɪənt] adj. 方便的；有利的；权宜的

While the concept of a yearly check-in is the same, the linguistics are different. The guest list may be smaller, especially this year given the
 

linguistics [lɪŋˋgwɪstɪks] n. 语言学

COVID-19 pandemic. The history of a presidential address to Congress dates back to President George Washington who was the first to deliver a regular

address before a joint session in New York in 1790.

The message used to be known as the "President`s Annual Message" to Congress until 1934 when President Franklin D. Roosevelt refer to it as the

"Annual Message to Congress on the State of the Union". From 1942 to 1946, it became to be informally called the "State of the Union Message or

Address". And since 1947 it`s officially been known as the "State of the Union Address".

During a State of the Union the president reflects on the past year, how`s the country`s doing and uses the opportunity to highlight their

administration`s legislative agenda which needs Congressional support. In modern history, presidents have used their first address to a Joint Session to outline their goals and lay out hopes for their administration.

So Carl, while presidential address to a joint session of Congress during their first year in office may not have all the formal fanfare of
 

fanfare [ˋfæn͵fɛr] n.（仪式等开始前的）响亮的喇叭声；夸耀；炫耀

the "State of the Union" it can be used to highlight the president`s agenda and set a forward thinking tone.

(END VIDEO CLIP)

AZUZ: 10 Second Trivia. Which of these buildings is considered to be the world`s first skyscraper? Flat Iron Building, Home Insurance Building,

Empire State Building or Kavanagh Building. The ten-story tall Home Insurance Building was the world`s first skyscraper when it was completed

in 1885.

Ten stories, as in 138 feet as in four school buses high. If you`re thinking, woo, more like a "treesraper". Keep in mind that this was

only about 30 years after Elijah Graves Otis invented his elevator safety system that made elevators more secure. That made people feel safer on them

and that led to the soaring skyscrapers that stretch city skylines.

(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)

UNIDENTIFIED MALE: The sky has long been a fascination a realm of the gods and civilizations have been building toward it for centuries. But a

skyscraper is an altogether modernized idea made possible by modern technologies.

UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: Skyscrapers are really an American invention. The first use of the word was around the 1880s`. They were office buildings

that concentrated a workforce. They employed technologies like the elevator, like steel construction to built very efficiently and

to pile a lot of space onto a small piece of land.

UNIDENTIFIED MALE: By using steel frames for structural support rather than heavy masonry walls, architects were able to get creative.
 

masonry [ˋmesnrɪ] n. 石造工程；石造建筑

UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: Skyscrapers began to get taller around the turn of the 20th century. There was competition to be the world`s highest. And that pinnacle tower
 

pinnacle [ˋpɪnək!] n. 小尖塔；尖顶

becomes so intimately connected with modernity.

UNIDENTIFIED MALE: Skyscraper hitching posts for the great airliners of tomorrow.

UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: The Empire State Building never actually worth a glimpse it gave but aspiration. After World War II, a new kind of

technology of glass allows for the curtain wall.

UNIDENTIFIED MALE: Windows you could open made way for giant glass walls. They gave more floor space and natural light but fresh air was shut out and replaced

with air conditioning.

UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: The 1960s` and 70s`, that is the period that the World Trade Center with the "Twin Towers", the Sears Tower in Chicago got a

little bit taller. But it was also the end of an era as American cities began to suburbanize and spread out.
 

suburbanize [səˋbɝbən͵aɪz] v. 郊区化

UNIDENTIFIED MALE: The U.S. have led the charge into the skies but the rest of the world soon caught up.
 

lead the charge 带头冲锋

UNIDENTIFIED MALE: In Hong Kong where the land is very scarce going high is almost the only solution as that need in terms of urbanization so people need to move
 

urbanization [͵ɝbənaɪˋzeʃən] n. 都市化

the cities. They need to work to live. In Asia and the Middle East, we took it to another level. Every city wants to have this landmark that gives

that sense of the distinct culture.

UNIDENTIFIED MALE: From the end of the 20th century, architects in the east have been developing new techniques to beat the wind and climb even higher.

UNIDENTIFIED MALE: Once a design, a shape that is not square. You want rounded corners or faceted corners so that it takes pressure off the building when the wind hits it.
 

rounded [ˋraʊndɪd] adj. 圆形的

faceted [ˋfæsɪtɪd] adj. 有小平面（刻面）的

You design the building to sway a little bit. We used reinforced concrete to have that flexibility that also absorbs movement.

UNIDENTIFIED MALE: The Taipei 101 used a step design, cut out corners and 700 ton suspended damper to help it withstand typhoons and
 

damper [ˋdæmpɚ] n.【物】阻尼器

earthquakes. But it was Dubai`s Burj Khalifa that really defines super tall. It`s exaggerated type of shape, ability to flex up to six feet at its

top and a double layered outer skin help it to counter desert storms and extreme heat.

UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: To build the world`s tallest tower is a great demonstration of technological know-how as well as wealth of course but

the vanguard of architects has been very focused on sustainability.
 

vanguard [ˋvæn͵gɑrd] n. 前锋, 先锋, 先驱

UNIDENTIFIED MALE: We want to design something that`s as sustainable as possible in terms of the spaces and use of materials. Tall building is
 

sustainable [səˋstenəb!] adj. 能维持的; 可持续发展的

sustainable where we can have a lot of people in a small footprint but we all understand that building in itself is taking resources from the Earth.

UNIDENTIFIED MALE: In cities like Hong Kong where skyscrapers dominate the environment, that also contributes significantly to greenhouse gas

emissions. The centuries old reach into the sky is now in question.

UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: The skyscrapers become complicated in negotiations between the way that we want to live in the future and the possibility of

how we can. There are many different approaches of culture, of government, of public policy that either constrains or enables skyscrapers.

(END VIDEO CLIP)

AZUZ: For 10 out of 10, a recently light show in Shanghai, China goes 3-D. How did technicians do this? With drones, hundreds of them. They were synched up
 

sync [sɪŋk] v. 同时发生（= synchronize）

to form the image of a Smartphone and then video game characters appeared to leap off the screen.

The whole thing was intended to promote a popular mobile game but when the drones formed a giant QR code that linked to the game`s website. Well for

fans, it was game on. For critics, it`s game over. They "QR`d" concerned about the "proliferation" of promotion.
 

proliferation [prə͵lɪfəˋreʃən] n.【生】增殖；激增；扩散

But if "QR" the type to find air shows illuminating and you don`t mind standing and training your phone in your eyes on the planning pertaining to drones in the skies.
 

pertain [pɚˋten] v. 从属，附属

This could be the kind of thing you "drone on" about long after the lights come down. I`m Carl Azuz for CNN 10. Pendleton High School is in Pendleton, Oregon

and you get today`s shout out for subscribing and commenting on our You Tube Channel.

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