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Glasgow, Scotland Hosts United Nations Climate Summit; Two U.S. State Elections Garner Nationwide Attention; Introduction Of The Top 10 CNN Heroes Of 2021.

CARL AZUZ, CNN 10 ANCHOR: The date, November 2nd, 2021, the show, CNN 10, the host, moi, Carl Azuz. Total running time, exactly 10 minutes so let`s

get rolling. COP 26 is not a police officer. The COP stands for Conference of the Parties, a gathering of members of the United Nations and the 26 is

because this is the 26th year that the Global Climate Summit has been held. That`s happening this week and next week in Glasgow, Scotland.

Tens of thousands of world leaders, their representatives, negotiators, businesses and citizens are there, and all of these COP conferences are

focused on the issue of climate change. The UN says this was a fringe issue when the summits began, and that it`s now a global priority though
 

fringe [frɪndʒ] adj. 外部的；【美】从属的；附加的

different nations have different levels of commitment to it.

Carbon dioxide emissions are front-and-center here. Most scientists say these emissions are harming the global environment by causing Earth`s
 

front-and-center [͵frʌnt ænd ˋsɛntɚ] adj.【美】非常重要的

average temperatures to heat up. A smaller group of scientists say climate change happens naturally and that the Earth can absorb human carbon

emissions.

But the goal of these UN summits is for member countries to lay out new plans to reduce their emissions of carbon dioxide. A significant event

took place during COP 21 in 2015. It was held in the French capital and in what became known as the Paris Agreement, countries committed to reduce

their carbon emissions by certain amounts.

This could include relying less on coal for energy and more on renewable forms like solar or wind power. The COP 21 commitments were not legally

binding, meaning there was no penalty if nations failed to meet them, and while supporters of the Paris Agreement, like former U.S. President Barack

Obama, called it quote, "the best chance to save the planet", the United Nations says the COP 21 commitments didn`t come close to achieving their

goals. So, during COP 26, the UN is pushing for even greater efforts to reduce carbon emissions.

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UNIDENTIFIED MALE: The Australian government on Tuesday announcing its pledge to take the country to net zero carbon emissions by 2050, whereby

greenhouse gas production is limited and any remaining greenhouse gases in the atmosphere are removed. This coming ahead of the COP 26 climate talks

in Glasgow, Scotland. But Australia has not pledged to be more ambitious on its 2030 carbon reductions targets.

Australia says it`s on track to reduce its carbon emissions by 26 to 28 percent of 2005 levels by 2030. Speaking Tuesday, Prime Minister Scott Morrison

said his targets would not compromise jobs in the Australian mining industry. Australia is one of the world`s largest exporters of

coal. Instead, they would rely on new technologies such as carbon soil sequestration and new green energy technologies, which are so far improving.
 

sequestration [sɪkwɛˋstreʃən] n.（財產的）扣押，沒收，接收；隔離

carbon soil sequestration:  a process in which CO₂ is removed from the atmosphere and stored in the soil carbon pool

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SCOTT MORRISON, PRIME MINISTER OF AUSTRALIA: Australians at --want action on climate change. They`re taking action on climate change, but they also

want to protect their jobs and their livelihoods. They also want to keep the cost of living down and they also want to protect the Australian way of

life, especially in rural and regional areas.

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AZUZ: 10 Second Trivia. Which of these adjectives is derived from a Latin term meaning steersman? Gubernatorial, Sartorial, Naval or Avuncular.
 

steersman [ˋstɪrzmən] n. 舵手；操舵员

sartorial [sɑrˋtorɪəl] adj. 缝纫的；男式服装的

naval [ˋnev!] adj. 海军的；军舰的

avuncular [əˋvʌŋkjəlɚ] adj. 伯父的；叔父的；像叔伯的

Gubernator sounds like the Latin term for steersman or governor, and it`s where we get our word gubernatorial.
 

gubernatorial [͵gjubɚnəˋtorɪəl] adj.【美】州长的

And two U.S. gubernatorial races factor into our next report this Tuesday, one of them is in the Garden State, New Jersey. The other is in the Old

Dominion State, Virginia. Both are being held today, while most gubernatorial races don`t get the amount of national attention that

presidential elections do, these two in particular are closely watched as types of forecasts about how America`s two main political parties are faring.

fare [fɛr] v. 进展

Interest is particularly high during a time of deep political divisions and the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Here`s CNN Contributor Rachel Janfaza with

a look at events at two eastern states.

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RACHEL JANFAZA, CNN CORRESPONDENT: Both Virginia and New Jersey hold their elections for governor one year after a presidential election Carl. You

may have heard these races referred to as bellwether elections, but you may be wondering what does a bellwether election really mean. Well, the term
 

bellwether [ˋbɛl͵wɛðɚ] n. 系铃羊；前导者  

bellwether refers to something that`s a predictor for or resembles a larger phenomenon.

The world actually comes from Old Middle English, when a bell was put on the neck of a ram, also known as a wether, to lead a flock of sheep in one
 

ram [ræm] n. 公羊

wether [ˋwɛðɚ] n. 阉羊

direction. Think of a bellwether as a leader or to put in the context of 2021, an influencer. Factor of politics, these gubernatorial races can
 

influencer [ˋɪnflʊənsɚ] n. 影响者

provide a glimpse into how the country is feeling one year after a general election season, and can predict trends for how the country may act one

year moving forward during the mid-term elections.

Often, but not always, these elections go in favor of the party not in the White House. For example, in 2005, Democrats clinched in both Virginia and
 

clinch [klɪntʃ] v.【美】【俚】拥抱

New Jersey. At the time, pundits said that served as a warning sign for Republicans and President George W. Bush. And in 2009, Republicans won in
 

pundit [ˋpʌndɪt] n. 真实（或自命为）权威者

both states which didn`t look so great for President Barack Obama, so both President Bush and President Obama ended up completing two full terms as

president. So, what happens in Virginia and New Jersey isn`t a direct creed for what will happen across the country moving forward. It can give
 

creed [krid] n. 信念

a sense on how America`s feeling in the off year.
 

off year【美】非大選年；歉收年

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AZUZ: Up next, CNN Heroes. The top 10 of them for 2021. If you`ve been watching our show throughout this calendar year, you might remember several

of these faces. These are people being recognized for their extraordinary efforts to improve others` lives. CNN has chosen the top 10 heroes but who

chooses the overall winner and what exactly does he or she win?

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ANDERSON COOPER, CNN ANCHOR AND HOST OF CNN HEROES: I`m Anderson Cooper, this year we celebrate a milestone, the 15th anniversary of CNN Heroes.

For a decade and a half, we`ve had the honor to introducing you to extraordinary, everyday people who are changing the world. At a time when

we need kindness and courage more than ever, we`re thrilled to announce this year`s top 10 CNN Heroes.

From Philadelphia, pediatric surgeon, Ala Stanford saw COVID-19 ravaging communities of color. So, she built Trust and brought testing and
 

pediatric [͵pidɪˋætrɪk] adj. 【医】小儿科的

ravage [ˋrævɪdʒ] v. 毁灭，毁坏；蹂躏

vaccinations to more than 75,000 people. From San Francisco, David Flink is building understanding and confidence using his journey with ADHD and dyslexia
 

dyslexia [dɪsˋlɛksɪə] n.【医】识字困难；诵读困难

to help kids with learning differences across America thrive.

In New York City, Hector Guadalupe, uses fitness training to help formally incarcerated men and women like himself get family sustaining jobs and
 

incarcerate [ɪnˋkɑrsə͵ret] v. 监禁

build careers. From Cardinia, Columbia, Jenifer Colpes brings eco-friendly energy, safe water and sanitation to struggling Columbians living in remote areas.
 

struggling [ˈstrʌglɪŋ] adj. 艰难谋生的

Lynda Doughty of Pittsburgh, Maine monitors 2,500 miles of coastline providing lifesaving support and medical care to thousands of marine

animals. From Bali, Indonesia, exchanging plastic waste for rice, restaurant owner Made Janur Yasa has sent tons of plastic for recycling and

provided food to thousands of families during the pandemic. And in Simi Valley, California, Michel Neff Hernandez has turned her profound grief

into sustaining support for the widowed.

On colleges, Patricia Gordon walked away from her Beverly Hills private practice to save women around the world from dying from preventable and treatable cervical cancer.
 

cervical [ˋsɝvɪk!] adj. 子宫颈的；颈部的

On L.A`s skid row, Shirley Raines brings dignity and respect to thousands of homeless people every week rain or
 

skid row（流浪汉，酒鬼经常出入的）贫民区

shine. And in Monogatari, Nigeria, Zannah Mustapha educates orphaned children from both sides of a violent extremist conflict, providing support
 

extremist [ɪkˋstrimɪst] n. 极端主义者

for more than 2,000 boys and girls a year.

Congratulations to the top 10 CNN Heroes of 2021. Now it`s time for you to choose who inspires you the most. Who should be named CNN Hero of the year

and receive $100,000 to continue their great work? Go to CNNHeroes.com right now to vote and be sure to watch the 15th annual CNN Heroes All-Star

Tribute, as we announce the Hero of the Year and celebrate all of this year`s honorees live, Sunday, December 12th.

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AZUZ: Twenty-six days from the start of Hanukkah and 53 days from Christmas, it seems like this might be on someone`s wish list. It`s a
 

Hanukkah（犹太教的）光明节

Japanese Hover Bike. It`s a hybrid with four battery powered motors and a gas engine. Its range is about 40 minutes of flight time and its top speed

is said to be around 60 miles per hour. Of course, you might need a pilot`s license to operate it, and you will need $700,000 to put it in your

garage or hanger.

But you can bike on having fans "hover around", when you get that "fly ride" off the ground. When they hear the sound, they`ll all "abound" like

a "flock of birds" all "fluttering" down town. All bound to try and "hound" you. If you`re lost but then they "found" you. Get "props" when

your`s get "wound" and say what`s up when you "get down". I wasn`t planning a rap today but that one just kind of "took off". Shout out goes

out to Catoosa High School in Catoosa, Oklahoma. Thank you for watching on You Tube. I`m Carl Azuz for CNN.

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