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Tuesday`s State Of The Union Address; Sanctions On The Russian Economy; An Alternative To Plastic Tableware.

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

UNIDENTIFIED MALE: The speaker --

WILLIAM J. CLINTON, FORMER PRESIDENT: Mr. Vice President --

RONALD REAGAN, FORMER PRESIDENT: Distinguished members --

GEORGE H.W. BUSH, FORMER PRESIDENT: Of the United States Congress.

GEORGE W. BUSH, FORMER PRESIDENT: Members of the Supreme Court --

GERALD FORD, FORMER PRESIDENT: Distinguished guests --

RICHARD NIXON, FORMER PRESIDENT: My fellow Americans --

JOHN F. KENNEDY, FORMER PRESIDENT: I can report to you --

HARRY TRUMAN, FORMER PRESIDENT: The state of --

FORD: -- the Union --

DONALD TRUMP: -- is stronger than ever before.

FORD: Think for a minute how --

G. H.W. BUSH: Far --

CLINTON: We`ve --

CARTER: Come --

FORD: In 200 years.

NIXON: We find ourselves challenged by new problems.

FORD: In this country --

REAGAN: At home --

BARACK OBAMA, FORMER PRESIDENT: And Abroad.

TRUMP: Our values are renewed.

DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER, FORMER PRESIDENT: There demanded of us.

G. H.W. BUSH: Vigilance.
 

vigilance [ˋvɪdʒələns] n. 警戒；警觉；警惕（性）

CARTER: Determination.

KENNEDY: And dedication.

CLINTON: We must rise.

NIXON: To make.

CARTER: A nation.

G. W. BUSH: Better than --

CLINTON: Any we have --

OBAMA: Ever known.

KENNEDY: The road --

OBAMA: Has been --

KENNEDY: Long.

TRUMAN: The burden --

NIXON: Heavy --

KENENDY: And the pain --

G. H.W. BUSH: This is --

G. W. BUSH: -- not going to be --

CLINTON: Easy.

FORD: We have --

KENNEDY: Only begun.

UNIDENTIFIED MALE: Let us have.

G. W. BUSH: The will.

UNIDENTIFIED MALE: And the patience.

NIXON: To do.

FORD: This job.

OBAMA: Together

TRUMAN: We need many different kinds of strength.

OBAMA: Military --

REAGAN: Economic --

G. H.W. BUSH: Political --

TRUMAN: And moral.

REAGAN: Nothing --

G. W. BUSH: -- is impossible --

REAGAN: No --

CLINTON: Victory --

REAGAN: -- is beyond our reach. No --

G. H.W. BUSH: Glory --

REAGAN: Will ever be too great.

G. H.W. BUSH: We are --

FORD: Americans --

G. H.W. BUSH: Part of --

OBAMA: Something --

G. W. BUSH: Larger --

G. H.W. BUSH: Than ourselves.

OBAMA: God bless --

REAGAN: You --

NIXON: God --

G. W. BUSH: Bless --

G. H.W. BUSH: The United States --

FORD: Of America.

OBAMA: Thank you.

(END VIDEOTAPE)

CARL AZUZ, CNN 10 ANCHOR: And some of the themes you heard in that montage will likely be discussed tonight when U.S. President Joe Biden gives his
 

montage [mɑnˋtɑʒ] n.（胶片的）剪辑

first official State of the Union Address.
 

State of the Union 国情咨文

He gave this kind of speech last year in April appearing in front of a joint session of Congress. But it wasn`t technically called the State of

the Union because it was his first such address after his election. And traditionally, presidents aren`t yet considered authorities on the State of

the Union after just a couple months in office.

The U.S. Constitution does not say when a president has to give this speech or even that a president should give a speech. Article 2 Section 3 only

says, quote: He shall from time to time give to the Congress information of the State of the Union and recommend to their consideration such measures

as he shall judge necessary and expedient.
 

expedient [ɪkˋspidɪənt] adj. 方便的；有利的；权宜的；出于便利的

So the fact that a speech like this is given every year, the fact that it`s done in person, the fact that it`s televised and put online, the fact that

it`s followed up by a response from the opposing political party -- all of these are traditions associated with the State of the Union, but they`re

not required by the Constitution itself.

Still the event is an extraordinary opportunity for the president and the party in opposition to lay out their visions for the country. President

Biden`s speech on March 1st will be the first one held in March since 1934. All the others have taken place in January or February.

There`s a lot going on in the U.S. and abroad that`ll factor into tonight`s speeches. The Russian invasion of Ukraine, the president`s Supreme Court

nominee, the problem of inflation, the upcoming U.S. midterm elections issues related to COVID-19.

You can expect all of this and more when President Biden enters the House of Representatives at 9:00 p.m. Eastern and when Iowa Governor Kim Reynolds

gives the Republican Party`s response afterward.

(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)

AZUZ (voice-over): Ten-second trivia:

What is the currency of Russia?

Euro, Rial, Ruble, or Dinar?
 

Rial [ˋraɪəl] / [rɪˈol] n. 里奥（伊朗等的货币单位）

Ruble [ˋrub!] n. 卢布（俄货币单位）

Dinar [dɪˋnɑr] n. 第纳尔（南斯拉夫、伊拉克等的货币单位）

The ruble is the official currency of Russia and Belarus.
 

Belarus 白俄罗斯（国名）

(END VIDEDO CLIP)

AZUZ: The Russian ruble has crashed during the country`s invasion of neighboring Ukraine. By that we mean it lost 20 percent of its value on

Monday and the Russian stock market was closed on Monday and Tuesday.

We`ve reported how the U.S. is one of numerous countries imposing sanctions on Russia. It`s an effort to hurt the nation`s economy and pressure it to

withdraw from Ukraine. Critics had said the sanctions were too little too late and President Biden acknowledged last week, quote, no one expected the

sanctions to prevent anything from happening, suggesting it`d take time after Russia`s invasion for sanctions to take effect. But economic analysts

say they`re starting to bite now.

For years, Russia`s government`s been preparing for something like this, saving up international currencies and gold. But some of those assets are

in other countries, which aren`t giving Russia access to them. This is part of an interruption in the flow of money to Russia, hurting its ability to

do business. And one example of how that happens is through SWIFT.

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ANNA STEWART, CNN CORRESPONDENT (voice-over): It`s like the pipe work of international banking. Founded in 1973, to replace the dated Telex transfer
 

dated [ˋdetɪd] adj. 陈旧的; 过时的

telex [ˋtɛlɪks] n. 电传机；用户直通电报，用户电传电报

system, SWIFT handles the majority of international money transfers and settlement of trades. It`s short for Society for Worldwide Interbank

Financial Telecommunications and now connects over 11,000 financial institutions.

Removing Russia from SWIFT would make it extremely difficult for financial institutions to send money in or out of the country, delivering a sudden

shock to Russian companies and their foreign customers.

Kicking Russia out of SWIFT was considered in 2014 in response to the annexation of Crimea. At the time, former Russian finance minister Alexei
 

annexation [͵ænɛkˋseʃən] n. 并吞

Kudrin estimated that the expulsion could shrink the country`s economy by 5 percent.
 

expulsion [ɪkˋspʌlʃən] n. 驱逐；开除

And it`s not just Russia that would be affected, there`s no globally accepted alternative to SWIFT so Russia`s expulsion could potentially hit

everyone who has international business dealings with the country.

After Russia, Germany and the U.S. might have the most to lose. The Carnegie Moscow Center says German and American institutions are the most

frequent users of SWIFT to communicate with Russian banks.

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AZUZ: Next today, the world`s plastic pollution problem is not a new subject for us. Waste is growing in landfills and oceans worldwide. What`s

also growing though are the number of proposed solutions. We couldn`t find exact costs for the disposable plates and bowls you`re about to see.

Similar products run about 50-80 cents per plate, while plastic foam plates cost around three cents apiece.

But the newer technology comes at a lower cost for the environment.

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KRISTIE LU STOUT, CNN CORRESPONDENT (voice-over): In the South Indian city of Hyderabad, employees at Bollant Industries are making disposable

products like colorful plates and sheets of cardboard. Their materials, fallen leaves from Areca, a palm species and recycled paper.
 

areca [ˋærɪkə] n.【植】槟榔树；槟榔

SRIKANTH BOLLA, FOUNDER AND CEO, BOLLANT INDUSTRIES: I call myself a waste person because I really love waste. I want to recycle all the waste that I

could in this world, and be a hero and be a symbol of the next generation.

STOUT: Srikanth Bolla is part of a small but growing field of Indian entrepreneurs hoping to prove that companies can help the environment and

turn a profit. His country is one of the world`s top polluters. India produces more than 15 million tons of plastic waste every year, according

to the U.N. This summer, India is slated to ban most single-use plastics which experts say will dramatically drive up demand for eco-friendly

products, as well as packaging in the country.

Bollant Industries is also notable for the leader at its helm. Bolla was born blind to poor and illiterate parents in a village in Atta Pradesh.
 

helm [hɛlm] n.（政府、组织等的）领导地位

at the helm: in charge of an organization

illiterate [ɪˋlɪtərɪt] adj. 文盲的；未受教育的

BOLLA: Growing up in India as a child, I had to overcome lot of stigma, barriers and unacceptability in the society as I was blind from birth. My
 

stigma [ˋstɪgmə] n. 耻辱，污名

childhood was a very lonely -- not that I was poor because I was made separated by the world.

STOUT: He founded his company in 2012 with an aim to employ as many people with disabilities as possible, like Kavala Krishnaya (ph) whose legs are not
 

disability [dɪsəˋbɪlətɪ] n. 残疾，残障

fully formed due to polio. His job is to make disposable plates and bowls at Bollant`s manufacturing unit.
 

polio [ˋpolɪo] n.【医】小儿麻痹症

disposable [dɪˋspozəb!] adj. 可任意处理的；可自由使用的；用完即丢弃的，一次性使用的

BOLLA: Our core vision is to employ as many people as possible who are at the margins of the society. We want to empower this big stream of people

who are in many millions.

STOUT: The company currently employs 400 people, a quarter of whom have disabilities, Bolla says.

The MIT graduate says his products are currently sold to around 200 small and medium enterprises across India, such as restaurants.

BOLLA: Sight is just for the eye and not for the vision of the mind. So if you have vision, sight cannot do anything. If you have strong passion,

willpower and confidence in your mind and soul, I`m sure your physical disability can never stop you from achieving success.

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AZUZ: Miles Harris is a news reporter in Ohio and his mom Sandy is super proud of him. As Miles was setting up for an on camera segment about a

crime story, guess who stopped by?

(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)

MILES HARRIS, NEWS REPORTER: This is my mom, hold on.

(END VIDEO CLIP)

AZUZ: The person you hear laughing is his photographer D`Angelo Byrd (ph). He didn`t just record it. He put it on Facebook, Instagram, Twitter and

now, Miles and his mom are both famous.

(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)

HARRIS: And that`s just like a prime example of one a mom being a mom, but just trying to get that front row seat to kind of see what -- what I`m

doing.

(END VIDEO CLIP)

AZUZ: I once heard the pun: if it`s not one thing, it`s your mother. And some do tend to offspring into action, embarrassing their kids whenever

they kin. In family matters, there are always growing pains. Miles might have been thinking give me a break. But it takes different strokes to keep

family ties regardless of whether there`s a full house.

I`m Carl Azuz.

Rancho High School in North Las Vegas, Nevada, gets today`s shout out. Thank you for your request on our YouTube channel, and thanks to all y`all

for watching CNN 10.

END