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Walter Cronkite 美国人最信任的主播

 

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This trusted journalist set a standard for all who followed in his footsteps  华特．克朗凯这位备受信赖的主播，替有意追随他的脚步从事新闻业的后进，树立了良好典范

 

Walter Cronkite formed such a powerful bond with viewers that the CBS anchor came to be regarded as the most trusted man in America. He valued the title, gained in an opinion poll, but also accepted it with wry humor.

由于美国哥伦比亚广播公司（简称CBS）主播华特．克朗凯和观众建立起来的紧密关系，使他被誉为全美最受信赖的人。对于他在一项意见调查中所赢得的这个称号，克朗凯本人非常重视，但他是带着无比的幽默感来接受这个封号。

 

“About the highest compliment a journalist can have is to be trusted,” he said. “Once people say they trust you, you can’t do any more to be trusted.”

「新闻人所能受到的最大赞美，无非就是受人信赖，」他曾如此透露，「但一旦人们开口说他们信任你之后，无论你再做什么也无法令他们更加信赖你了。」

 

In a long and distinguished career, he did quite a lot to gain the public’s respect. His death in July at age 92 revived memories of another television era, before cable news channels, when watching the evening news was a national rite and an anchor commanded unswerving loyalty. Cronkite’s trademark was his parting words each night, “And that’s the way it is.”

克朗凯漫长而杰出的主播生涯中，有许许多多的事迹，而博得了大众的尊敬。他在七月间以九十二岁高龄辞世的消息，唤醒了人们有关与现今截然不同的电视时代的回忆，在有线新闻频道问世前，全美民众每晚都会奉行如仪地观看晚间新闻，当时这位主播赢得了坚定不移的忠实观众群。史朗凯的注册商标，是他每晚在结束播报前都会说的台词：「实情就是如此」。

 

A grand career  传奇性的新闻生涯

 

Cronkite’s career encompassed many of the greatest stories of the 20th century, from World War IIand President John Kennedy’s assassination to the Vietnam War and the U.S. space program. His tenure at CBS mirrored the growth and influence of television news. To many viewers, he was the consummate anchor who set the standard for all that followed him.

克朗凯的生涯涵盖了二十世纪许多重大事件，包括了二次世界大战、美国肯尼迪总统遇刺身亡、越战和美国的太空计划。他在CBS的任期，也同时反映出电视新闻的成长与影响力。在很多观众眼中，他简直是完美的主播，为其他后起之秀树立了良好典范。

 

To younger viewers who never saw Cronkite as anchor from 1962 to 1981, he will probably be best known for one bit of oft-repeated footage. In announcing that President Kennedy had been assassinated in 1963, Cronkite removed his glasses and briefly seemed shaken.

年轻一辈的观众可能无缘见识到克朗凯在一九六二至一九八一年间担任主播的风采，这些观众对他的印象，可能来自一个时常回放的影像片段，那就是克朗凯在一九六三年播报肯尼迪总统遇刺身亡时，拿下眼镜，似乎暂时之间失去了平时的镇定。

 

Cronkite won acclaim for his enthusiasm in covering the U.S. space program. He said he took pleasure from that assignment and saw the conquest of space as perhaps the most significant story of the 20th century.

克朗凯也因报导美国太空计划而备受称誉。他曾表示，非常乐于进行这项任务，而且认为征服太空可能是二十世纪最重大的事件了。

 

“He really did his homework extremely well and, of course, it showed up in his comments,” astronaut Alan Shepard once said.

「他真的都有做好功课，因此这就自然会显现在他下的评语上，」航天员亚伦．雪帕德曾如此透露。

 

 

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CBS 哥伦比亚广播公司 originally the abbreviation for Columbia Broadcasting System, an organization that broadcasts on television in the United States

anchor [ˋæŋkɚ] n.【美】（电台或电视台）新闻节目主播 a person who reports the news on television

opinion poll 民意测验

wry [raɪ] adj. 富于幽默的;(表情)哭笑不得的 drily humorous; sardonic

compliment [ˋkɑmpləmənt] n. 赞美的话；恭维

revive [rɪˋvaɪv] v. 回想起 to arouse

parting [ˋpɑrtɪŋ] adj. 离别的，临别的

assassination [ə͵sæsəˋneʃən] n. 暗杀；行刺 the act of killing someone well-known to many people

tenure [ˋtɛnjʊr] n. (重要职位的)任期，任职期间 the period of time when someone has an official position

mirror [ˋmɪrɚ] v. 反映，反射

oft-repeated ['ɔftrɪˋpitɪd] adj. 多次重复的

acclaim [əˋklem] n. 欢呼；喝采；称赞

take pleasure 享受; 感到很快乐

show up 显而易见 to reveal or be revealed clearly

 

 

 

 

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Cronkite’s coverage of the Vietnam War was equally memorable and more influential. He said it evolved from “childish enthusiasm” to disillusionment. He closed “Report From Vietnam,” a 1968 documentary, with a commentary stating that the only way out for the United States was to negotiate. In a 1996 [CBS] special, Cronkite said that might have been egotistical. But President Lyndon Johnson saw Cronkite’s commentary as a turning point. “Lyndon Johnson looked at Walter’s report and said, ‘If I’ve lost Cronkite, I’ve lost the country,’” author Ward Just recalled in a PBS documentary. “Cronkite expressed what most Americans felt, but expressed it better.”

克朗凯的越战相关报导也同样令人难以忘怀，而且影响力更巨。他曾表示，制作这系列报导的过程中，他其实是从「天真的热衷」，而逐渐转化为梦想幻灭。他在一九六八年纪录片《来自越南的报导》中，以一段评论划下句点：美国脱离困境的唯一途径，就是进行谈判磋商。克朗凯在一九九六年CBS的特别节目中曾透露，那段话可能有点自负。但约翰逊总统却把克朗凯的评语视为转折点。「约翰逊总统观看克朗凯的报导，然后说：『如果我失去了克朗凯的心，就等于失去了全美国。』」作者华德．切斯特在美国公共电视的纪录片中回忆道，「克朗凯表达了大多数美国人的感受，但他却能更高明地表达出来。」

 

The new news  「新」新闻

 

In preparing for the “CBS at 75” special in 2003, Cronkite expressed frustration with some practices of television news today. The blending of news and entertainment worried him.

克朗凯在二００三年筹备《CBS七十五周年纪念》特别节目时，曾对现今电视新闻的做法感到挫折，对新闻和娱乐挂钩，也觉得忧心忡忡。

 

“What bothers me about cable is they attempt to entertain,” Cronkite said. He fretted that the news media weren’t doing more to combat the public’s ignorance.

「我对有线电视最担心之处在于，它们往往企图变得娱乐化，」克朗凯表示。他对新闻媒体并未更积极地对抗大众的无知，感到相当担忧。

 

“It’s the journalists’ job, should be our motto, to tell people what they need to know,” Cronkite said. “It is our job to determine what’s important in the daily news and make sure it’s communicated so people understand its important.”

「告诉民众他们必须知道的事实，就是新闻从业人员的责任，也应是我们的座右铭，」克朗凯表示，「我们有责任去决定每日新闻中的重大事件，并确保能正确传达出来，好让民众了解这些事件的重要性。」

 

The inside scoop  内幕消息

 

Cronkite was born in 1916 in Missouri. In a 1990 interview, he said he gained his most important lesson in a high school journalism class: “That’s the need to be fair, impartial and as factual as you can get.”

克朗凯于一九一六年在密苏里州诞生。他在一九九０年的一次访谈中，透露自己当年在高中新闻课中学到了最宝贵的功课：那就是「必须尽全力保持公平、公正，且忠于事实。」

 

He attended the University of Texas at Austin from 1933 to 1935 and worked for Scripps-Howard Newspapers. From there, he went on to The Houston Post and radio announcing jobs.

他自一九三三年至一九三五年间就读德州大学奥斯汀分校，并在《史克里普斯－霍华报》工作，后来改任职《休斯敦邮报》及电台播报员等工作。

 

He worked for United Press from 1937 to 1948 and was a European correspondent during World War II. He flew in Allied bombing raids over Germany and covered pivotal events, such as the Battle of the Bulge.

他在一九三七至一九四八年间在合众国际社任职，曾在二次世界大战期间担任驻欧洲特派员。他曾搭乘联军飞机赴德国上空进行轰炸任务，也报导了如「突出部之役」等重大事件（译注：突出是二次大战期间德军在一次战役中的战法，德军在一九四四年于亚尔丁发动奇袭，希望把部队战线「突出」攻入联军阵线）。

 

 

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turning point 转折点，转折点，转机；关键时刻

PBS 美国公共电视网 the abbreviation for Public Broadcasting Service, a U.S. organization that broadcasts generally educational television programs paid for by the people who watch, rather than from advertising

ignorance [ˋɪgnərəns] n. 无知，不学无术；愚昧

motto [ˋmɑto] n. 座右铭；格言

scoop [skup] n.【美】【口】新闻的抢先报导；独家新闻；最新内幕消息

factual [ˋfæktʃʊəl] adj.（根据）事实的；真实的

correspondent [͵kɔrɪˋspɑndənt] n. 通讯记者；特派员

allied [əˋlaɪd] adj.（第二次世界大战中）同盟国的

raid [red] n. 突然袭击；侵袭

 

 

 

 

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In 1985, as London marked the 40th anniversary of victory, Cronkite recalled how the war had shaped him and continued to haunt him.

一九八五年，伦敦庆祝胜利四十周年（译注：一九四五年五月八日第二次世界大战欧洲战事结束，被称为欧洲胜利日）之际，克朗凯回想起战争如何形塑他的生命，而战争的阴影却一直挥之不去。

 

“It was exciting, and I hated it simultaneously,” Cronkite said. “It’s part of the mixed emotions of war that I suppose we all carry with us for the rest of our lives. Looking back, you remember the camaraderie, the friendships and the good times [….] and are inclined to forget the sheer terror of many hours of bombing and the rest of the horrors of war and losing friends in combat.”

「虽然令人刺激兴奋，但我同时却也感到深恶痛绝，」克朗凯表示，「我想，我们大家终其一生都会对战事感到五味杂陈。回顾过往，你会记得同袍的情谊、友谊和美好时光…而倾向于忘记轰炸多时的可怖影象、战争其他的恐怖面貌，以及在战事中丧生的朋友。」

 

He returned to radio work in the United States in 1948 and jumped to CBS in 1950. He worked as a Washington and New York correspondent before graduating to anchor in 1962. He covered presidents From Harry Truman to Ronald Reagan and gained kudos for long hours of anchoring political conventions starting in 1952.

克朗凯在一九四八年返回美国电台工作，并在一九五０年跳槽到CBS，先是担任华盛顿和纽约特派员，之后才在一九六二年跃升为主播。他采访过的总统包括杜鲁门和里根，而在一九五二年美国政党大会期间，他长时间主播全场实况的经历，则使他一举成名。

 

Through all the years logged at CBS, he became known by the nickname Uncle Walter; a steady figure through tumultuous times.

克朗凯任职CBS多年期间，赢得了华特叔叔的绰号，在动荡不安的年代中，展现出稳定可靠的父执辈形象。

 

Looking back  回顾一生

 

A Reporter’s Life, his autobiography, appeared in 1996. In it, he praised his wife, Betsy. “I attributed the longevity of our marriage to Betsy’s extraordinary, keen sense of humor, which saw us over many bumps (mostly of my making), and her tolerance, even support, for the uncertain schedule and wanderings of a newsman.”

克朗凯的自传《记者的人生》（直译）于一九九六年问世。在书中，他感谢妻子贝西，「我把我们婚姻的历久弥坚归功于贝西异常敏锐的幽默感，使我们得以安然度过许许多多的障碍（大部份是由我所造成的），以及她对新闻人行程多变和四处奔走的生活方式所付出的容忍、甚至是全力支持。」

 

In 2003, Cronkite readily assessed his career achievements.

二００三年，克朗凯欣然对新闻生涯的成就加以评价。

 

“I’m proud of becoming a newspaperman in the first place,” he said. “I’m proud of being a reasonably successful war correspondent with difficult assignments in World War II. I’m proud of being a pioneering newsperson in television. Along with leadership at CBS, I was able to help in setting standards that are still looked up to today.”

「首先，我以身为报人为荣，」他表示，「我也以在二次大战期间担任战争特派员、不失成功地执行艰困任务感到自豪，此外，也以成为新闻界先驱感到骄傲。我在CBS所扮演的领导性角色，使我得以协助树立良好的典范，直至今日仍为后进所遵循仿效。」

 

And that’s the way it will always be.

而实情总会是如此。

 

－by Hal Boedeker

 

 

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haunt [hɔnt] v.（思想，回忆等）萦绕在……心头；使困扰

simultaneously [saɪməlˋtenɪəslɪ] adv. 同时地

camaraderie [͵kɑməˋrɑdərɪ] n.【法】同志间的友爱和忠诚 a feeling of friendliness towards people with whom you work or share an experience

inclined [ɪnˋklaɪnd] adj. 愿意…的; 有…意向的

kudos [ˋkjudɑs] n.【口】名声；威信 the fame and public admiration that a person receives as a result of a particular achievement or position in society

log [lɔg] v. 累积，积聚 to spend or accumulate (time)

autobiography [͵ɔtəbaɪˋɑgrəfɪ] n. 自传

keen [kin] adj. 敏锐的，敏捷的

see [si] v. 护送; 陪伴 to accompany or escort

wandering [ˋwɑndərɪŋ] n.（常复数）流浪

newsman [ˋnjuzmən] n. 新闻记者

in the first place 首先, 第一 in the beginning

reasonably [ˋriznəblɪ] adv. 相当地，适度地

look up to 敬佩; 尊敬 to admire

 

 

 

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Vocabulary Focus

rite [raɪt] n. 习俗, 惯例 a traditional or established practice

unswerving [ʌnˋswɝvɪŋ] adj. 坚定的；不渝的 always strong; never weakening, especially of trust or a belief

encompass [ɪnˋkʌmpəs] v. 包含 to include several things, especially different things

consummate [ˋkɑnsə͵met] adj. 完美的；圆满的 perfect, or complete in every way

conquest [ˋkɑŋkwɛst] n. 征服；克服；占领 successful entry into and control over a new area or situation

disillusionment [͵dɪsɪˋluʒənmənt] n. 醒悟；理想破灭 disappointment caused by learning the unpleasant truth about something one originally had a good opinion of

egotistical [ˌigoˈtɪstɪkl] adj. 自我本位的；任性的；自负的 considering oneself better or more important than other people

fret [frɛt] v. 苦恼；烦躁；发愁 to worry or be unhappy about something

impartial [ɪmˋpɑrʃəl] adj. 不偏不倚的，公正的，无偏见的 able to judge or consider something fairly without allowing your own interest to influence you

pivotal [ˋpɪvət!] adj. 中枢的；重要的 influential in causing change in the flow of events

tumultuous [tjuˋmʌltʃʊəs] adj. 骚乱的，骚动的；混乱的 full of confusion, change or uncertainty

longevity [lɑnˋdʒɛvətɪ] n. 长命，长寿 the state of living for a long time

 

 

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