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Trends in Health 健康医疗新趋势

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Be in the know when it comes to the latest in health news  让你掌握健康医疗最新动态

Extreme dieting spreads in Asia  亚洲吹起极端节食风

Agatha Yau, a marketing executive [in Hong Kong], has done many things over the years to stay trim; taken diet pills, eaten meals of boiled vegetables and practiced delaying gratification.

阿嘉莎．姚（音译）是香港营销高阶人员，多年来尝试许多方法保持苗条：包括吃减肥药，主餐吃烫青菜，及忍耐克制以延迟满足感。

“Sometimes, I’ll look at the food and just smell it,” Yau, 22, says one morning as she has her breakfast.

二十二岁的姚小姐有天早上在吃早餐时表示，「有时候，我会看着食物、只是闻一闻而已。」

In most developed parts of the world, women feel pressure to be thin. But such pressure is especially intense in Asia where scores of skinny women seem always to be looking for ways to get even skinnier. Experts say dieting in Asia tends to be more extreme than in the West because of cultural perceptions of beauty.

在大部分已开发国家，女性有维持身材窈窕的压力，但这种压力在亚洲特别严重，许多苗条女性似乎总是在寻找能让自己变得更瘦的方法。专家指出，亚洲的节食方式比西方更极端，这是因为文化上对美丽的认知不同所致。

In Asia, women want to stay skinny without exercising because muscles aren’t considered a feminine feature, says Sing Lee, director of the Hong Kong Eating Disorders Center at Chinese University.

香港中文大学进食失调中心主任李诚表示，亚洲女性希望保持苗条，却不愿运动，因为一般认为肌肉不是女性特征。

That’s why, “when they want to control their body weight, they eat less or take pills” instead of exerting themselves, Lee says.

李主任表示，那就是为什么「当她们想控制体重时，会采取少吃或服药的方式，」而不是努力锻炼身体。

A new kind of competition  新型竞争

With the shift from an agrarian to an urbanized society, “there are definitely more opportunities to overeat,” says David Schlundt, an associate psychology professor at Vanderbilt University.

范德比大学心理学副教授戴维．施郎特指出，从农业社会变成都市化社会之后，「绝对有更多机会让人饮食过量。」

In Asia, obesity is becoming more common among adolescents, although it’s less of a problem than in the United States. For now, in cities such as Hong Kong, health professionals say their biggest challenge is dealing with young women who don’t eat enough, not those who eat too much.

亚洲的青少年肥胖问题虽然不像美国那么严重，但是也愈来愈普遍。医疗专业人员表示，对香港这类城市来说，目前最大的挑战是解决年轻女性进食不足的问题，而非饮食过量。

“You can see how pervasive slimming is in this culture,” says Philipa Yu of the Hong Kong Eating Disorders Association. In the old days, Asian women competed with one another to see how many children they could have, but now they compete to be the most successful and the thinnest.

香港进食失调康复会的余文表示，「你可以看到瘦身在这个文化中的多么普遍。」过去的亚洲妇女比的是能生几个孩子，现在却是比谁的事业最成功、谁的身材最苗条。

−by Kathy Chu

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in the know 知情的

trim [trɪm] adj. 苗条的 in good physical condition; fit; slim

exert [ɪgˋzɝt] v. 施加; 利用; 运用

agrarian [əˋgrɛrɪən] adj. 耕地的；农业的  related to the land, especially farms

urbanized [ˋɝbən͵aɪzd] adj. 城市化的，都市化的 building houses and offices in an area of countryside so that it becomes a town

adolescent [͵æd!ˋɛsnt] n. 青少年

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A revolution in dealing with kidney failure: trading donors  对抗肾衰竭新契机：交换捐肾人

Melissa Larson sat outside a coffee shop staring at the brochure her doctor had just handed her.

玛莉萨．拉森坐在咖啡馆外，凝视着医师刚刚给她的小手册。

“Kidney exchange,” it read – a simple phrase for a remarkable idea that could save her life. One altruistic person donates a kidney, triggering a cascade of surgeries across the country, with one donor after another paying it forward in a neverending chain of kidney transplants. Until, finally, she gets the kidney that’s right for her.

上面写着「交换肾脏」，简单几个字代表的是能够救她一命的绝妙点子。一位好心人士捐赠一枚肾脏，引发国内一连串手术，一个又一个的器官捐赠者不断接续下去，让肾脏移植手术可以无止尽地进行，直到最后找到适合她的肾脏为止。

“This is the way I have to go,” Larson said.

拉森表示，「这是我必须走的路。」

For two years [she] has been searching for a donor. Now, at last, Larson sees a solution in the works: an ingenious computer matching system that can reach across the United States to connect donors with patients and bring hope to many of the 80,000 Americans on the kidney waiting list.

两年来，她一直在寻找器官捐赠者。现在拉森终于看到解决之道已经启动了：搜寻触角遍及全美的精明的计算机配对系统，将捐赠者与病患配对，为美国八万名等待换肾者中的许多人带来希望。

Facing challenges  面对挑战

The idea still faces daunting hurdles. It needs buy-in from more of the nation’s 220 transplant hospitals, a broader set of widely accepted medical guidelines for living donors, and financial support from Medicare and other health plans. But with that support, exchanges have the potential to create a national matching system. That could save millions of dollars in the cost of treating kidney disease and end the ordeal of thousands of desperate kidney patients.

「交换器官捐赠人」这个想法依然阻碍重重，除了必须让全美两百二十家器官移植医院中有更多家能接受之外，对于活体捐赠者也必须有一套范围更大、广为人所接受的医疗规定，还需要联邦医疗保险与其他健保计划提供财务支持。有了财务支持，交换计划才有能力建立全国性的配对系统，这能省下好几百万的肾脏疾病治疗费用，结束数以千计严重肾病患者的煎熬。

Such kidney exchanges are brand new, but they rely on the oldest economic model of all – trade. Your wife gets a compatible kidney from a stranger, you give a compatible kidney to the stranger’s sister. Two perfect matches – or four or 10 or 100 – are made by a computer that chooses the best medical and geographic combinations.

交换肾脏计划前所未闻，仰赖的却是「交换」这种最古老的经济模型。你的妻子从陌生人处得到一枚兼容的肾脏，那么你就将一枚兼容的肾脏捐给这位陌生人的妹妹。两个、四个、十个、或一百个完美的配对，都是由计算机完成，计算机会从医疗与地理位置的角度来选择最佳组合。

No one expects exchange pools to eliminate the deceased kidney waiting list. But some predict they could increase the number of transplants by up to 4,000 per year – the same number of people who die each year while waiting on the list.

没有人期待这种交换计划能够让人不必再等候死亡民众捐赠的肾脏，但有人预测，交换计划可让肾脏移植手术提高到每年四千件，刚好等于每年在等候换肾期间死亡的人数。

−by Josephine Marcorty

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in the works 正在进行, 正在准备 being developed or scheduled to happen in the future

ingenious [ɪnˋdʒinjəs] adj. 聪明的; 别出心裁的

daunting [ˋdɔntɪŋ] adj. 令人怯步的；使人气馁的

buy-in 加入; 接受; 支持 to agree with; to accept an idea as worthwhile; support and approval; the purchasing of a portion of a medical practice in order to become one of the partners

Medicare 联邦医疗保险 a government service in the U.S. for people who are 65 years old and older that pays for medical treatment

ordeal [ɔrˋdiəl] n. 苦难，折磨

pool [pul] n. 共享，聚拢（资金、知识、设备等）

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gratification [͵grætəfəˋkeʃən] n. 满足；满意 the act of satisfying a wish or need

exert oneself 努力；尽力(此指努力锻炼身体) to make a mental or physical effort; make a great effort at a mental or physical task

pervasive [pɚˋvesɪv] adj. 普遍的 present or noticeable in every part of a thing or place

altruistic [͵æltrʊˋɪstɪk] adj. 无私的 showing a wish to help or bring advantages to other people, even if it results in disadvantage for yourself

cascade [kæsˋked] n. 一连串的东西 a large amount of something or a series of things

pay it forward 让爱传出去  when someone does a good deed, to repay the act of kindness by doing a good deed for someone else, who would then do something kind for another person, creating a goodwill movement

hurdle [ˋhɝd!] n. 障碍，困难 a problem that one has to deal with before one can make progress

compatible [kəmˋpætəb!] adj. 适合的；兼用式的；【计算机】兼容的  describing blood, organs or tissue that is able to function successfully inside another body