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The Pros and Cons of Coffee 咖啡的优缺点

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The coffee health debate  咖啡是否健康的辩论

When you wake up at the crack of dawn each day, like café owner Matalia Kost-Lupichuk, you need your coffee.

如果你像咖啡馆老板娜塔莉雅．科司特－露皮恰克一样，每天必须一大清早起床，就需要喝咖啡了。

“I’m up every morning by 5 o’clock. Coffee gets the energy going,” says the owner of Natalia’s Elegant Creations. Kost-Lupichuk is among 56 percent of American adults who drink coffee regularly, the National Coffee Association says.

「我每天早上五点前就起来了，咖啡让我精神抖擞。」这位娜塔莉雅精美创意烘焙咖啡馆的老板如此表示。美国国家咖啡协会指出，百分之五十六的美国成年人固定饮用咖啡，而科司特－露皮恰克就是其中一员。

Though many refer to their java habit as an unhealthy indulgence, experts say that in moderation, a cup or two of joe a day actually has numerous health perks.

虽然许多人称他们的咖啡习惯是不健康的享受，但专家表示，如果适量饮用，一天喝一、两杯咖啡其实有许多健康方面的好处。

“People always talk about it as if it’s a little bad for you. That’s not necessarily true,” says Donald Hensrud, associate professor of Preventive Medicine and Nutrition at the Mayo Clinic. “Coffee contains over 2,000 different chemical components, including cancer-fighting anti-oxidants.”

「人们谈到咖啡时，似乎总认为咖啡对人不太好，这不见得是事实，」梅约医学中心预防医学及营养的副教授唐纳德．韩斯鲁德说，「咖啡包含两千种以上的不同化学成分，其中包括抗癌的抗氧化物。」

Some studies suggest coffee can boost vision and heart health, says registered dietitian Elisa Zied, author of Nutrition at Your Fingertips. Research also has suggested coffee helps people with liver disease, but it has mixed results when it comes to diabetes.

一些研究显示，咖啡能够增进视力和心脏健康，《随手可得的营养》（暂译）作者、注册营养师艾莉莎．齐艾德表示。研究也指出咖啡有益于肝病病患，但是对于糖尿病患者，效果则好坏参半。

Watch your intake quantity  留意摄取量

Loading up on cream and sugar is a bad idea, Hensrud says. A Starbucks Venti 24-ounce double chocolate chip Frappucino has 520 calories, 14 grams of saturated fat and 75 grams of carbohydrates. Pregnant women and people with anxiety and sleep problems should especially watch their intake, he says.

猛加奶精和糖是不好的，韩斯鲁德如此表示。一杯星巴克特大杯二十四盎司双份可可碎片星冰乐的热量是五百二十卡路里、十四公克的饱和脂肪及七十五公克的碳水化合物。孕妇及具有焦虑及睡眠问题的人应特别注意摄取量，他如此表示。

Also, people metabolize caffeine differently – the result of genetic differences, Hensrud says.

此外，咖啡因的新陈代谢因人而异──这是基因差异的结果，韩斯鲁德说。

Caffeine’s influence can last for 10 hours or more, says researcher Jim Lane, a professor of medical psychology at Duke. He recommends pacing yourself throughout the day: “It’s nice to have places to meet friends that aren’t alcohol-related, but it does sort of encourage people to ignore the drug effects of caffeine.”

咖啡因的影响可能持续十小时或更久，研究员吉姆．兰恩表示，他是杜克大学的医学心理学教授。他建议节制饮用，不要一次喝太多：「能够和朋友在没有酒饮的地方碰面是好事，但这的确也间接鼓励人们忽视咖啡因药效。」

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indulgence [ɪnˋdʌldʒəns] n. 嗜好; 爱好; 沉溺; 放纵

perk [pɝk] n. 利益 benefit

anti-oxidant [͵æntɪˋɑksədənt] n. 抗氧化剂

dietitian [͵daɪəˋtɪʃən] n. 营养学者

pace [pes] v. 调整……的速度（或步调）regulate

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More on coffee’s perks and pitfalls:  再谈咖啡的长处与短处

Aging  老化

Recent research suggests caffeine could help protect against cognitive decline, including Alzheimer’s disease and other dementia, says Mayo’s Hensrud. Large clinical trials are still needed, though, says Duke aging expert Murali Doraiswamy. “We still don’t know the right does for seniors,” Doraiswamy says. “Bottom line: I would not recommend caffeine solely as a preventative strategy for dementia.”

近期研究显示，咖啡因有助于预防认知退化，包括阿兹海默症及其他痴呆症，梅约医学中心的韩斯鲁德这么表示。不过大型的临床试验依然有必要，杜克大学的老化专家莫瑞利．多雷斯瓦米表示。「我们还是不清楚给老人家的一次份量要多少才适当，」多雷斯瓦米说，「最重要的是：我不会建议用咖啡因来当成唯一的失智症预防措施。」

Wakefulness/performance  提神／表现力

Convinced you need a morning cup to wake up? Research online in Neuropsycho-pharmacology suggests frequent coffee drinkers develop a tolerance to the anxiety-producing and stimulatory effects of caffeine. A study last month suggests those who consume caffeine perform better on the job.

你坚信早上要喝一杯咖啡才能振奋精神？神经心理药物学的在线研究显示，经常喝咖啡的人对于咖啡因引起焦虑及刺激的影响会培养出耐受力。上个月的一项研究显示，摄取咖啡因的人工作表现更好。

Dental   牙齿

Coffee exacerbates bad breath, Zied says. It also can give teeth a yellow tinge.

咖啡会使口臭加重，齐艾德说。此外也会让牙齿变黄。

Heart   心脏

Too much coffee at once can increase blood pressure, but a cup or two a day generally does no harm to heart health, says Carl Lavie, medical director of Cardiac Rehabilitation and Prevention at John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute in New Orleans. Rarely, overindulgence can increase heart rate and cause heart rhythm disturbances, he says.

一次喝太多咖啡会让血压上升，但是一天喝一、两杯，一般不会危害心脏的健康，纽奥良约翰．欧斯纳心脏血管研究所的心脏复健及预防医务长卡尔．拉维表示。罕见的情况是，过量饮用会增加心跳速率及引发心率不整，他如此表示。

Liver   肝脏

“Coffee intake is associated with a reduced risk of cirrhosis and liver cancer,” Hensrud says.

「咖啡的摄取和降低肝硬化及肝癌的风险有关。」韩斯鲁德说。

Migraine   偏头痛

Hensrud says coffee can ease migraines in some people. Coffee lovers who drink at work each day should keep up the habit on weekends, because skipping coffee can lead to withdrawal headaches, he says.

韩斯鲁德表示，咖啡能够舒缓一些人的偏头痛。每天工作时饮用咖啡的咖啡爱好者，在周末时应该保持这个习惯，因为一、两天不喝咖啡可能会导致戒断性头痛，他如此表示。

Sleep   睡眠

The caffeine in coffee is a stimulant. It can make you jittery and contribute to insomnia, says sleep expert Craig Schwimmer, medical director of The Snoring Center in Dallas. “It’s all in how you use it,” he says, explaining that caffeine has a half-life of about six hours. A couple of cups in the morning is fine, but for those with sleep troubles, cut coffee at least six hours before bedtime.

咖啡里的咖啡因是刺激物，会让人紧张不安，造成失眠，睡眠专家克雷格．史威莫这么表示，他是达拉斯市打鼾中心的医务长。「关键在于你如何利用咖啡因。」他如此表示，接着解释咖啡因大约有六小时的半衰期，早上喝一、两杯是没问题的，但是有睡眠问题的人就寝前至少六小时别喝咖啡。

−by Mary Brophy Marcus

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dementia [dɪˋmɛnʃɪə] n. 痴呆 a medical condition that especially affects older people, causing the memory and other mental abilities to gradually become worse, and leading to confused behaviors

bottom line 基本意思（或情况）the most important or fundamental aspect of a situation

neuropsycho-pharmacology [͵njʊrəsaɪko ͵fɑrməˋkɑlədʒɪ] adj. 神经心理药物学 a science which studies the affects that drugs have on the mind

pharmacology [͵fɑrməˋkɑlədʒɪ] n. 药理学

tinge [tɪndʒ] n.（较淡的）色调，色彩

rehabilitation [͵rihə͵bɪləˋteʃən] n. 复健; 康复训练

cirrhosis [sɪˋrosɪs] n.（肝脏等的）硬化 a serious disease of the liver which usually causes death

migraine [ˋmaɪgren] n. 偏头痛 severe continuous pain in the head, often with vomiting and temporary vision problems

keep up 保持(同一速度或水平); 继续 to preserve or sustain

insomnia [ɪnˋsɑmnɪə] n. 失眠 when someone is unable to sleep over a period of time (days, weeks, months)

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at the crack of dawn 黎明时分 very early in the morning; at sunrise

java [ˋdʒɑvə] n. 爪哇产的咖啡 a slang term for coffee

joe [dʒo] n.【俚】家伙; 咖啡(非正式用法) a slang term for coffee (informal)

cognitive [ˋkɑgnətɪv] adj. 认知的；认识的 connected with thinking or conscious mental processes

exacerbate [ɪgˋzæsɚ͵bet] v. 使恶化；使加重 to make something which is already bad worse

withdrawal [wɪðˋdrɔəl] adj. 脱瘾症状的 the unpleasant physical and mental effects which result when one stops doing or taking something, especially a drug, which has become a habit

jittery [ˋdʒɪtərɪ] adj.【口】紧张不安的；神经过敏的 shaky and slightly uncontrolled

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