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Revitalizing Exercise 运动使人重获活力

详细资料: 创建于 2009年1月12日; 最后更新于 2024年5月25日; 发布于 2012年3月20日; 作者：Mike Lee; 点击数：266

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New research shows the healing power of exercise 最新研究显示运动确有疗效

The standard weapons in the fight against cancer – surgery, chemotherapy and radiation – may soon be joined by something far simpler: exercise. New research shows that regular physical activity helps reduce the risk of recurrence of breast cancer and shows the advance of prostate cancer.

治疗癌症的标准利器包括动手术、化学治疗和放射治疗。不过，未来可能很快会再增加一样更简单的武器：那就是运动。最新研究显示，规律地运动有助于减少乳癌复发的机率，也能减缓摄护腺癌恶化。

In a few years, exercise will probably be prescribed regularly for cancer rehabilitation, said Melinda Irwin, an expert on cancer and exercise at Yale University School of Medicine. Exercise will become a “targeted therapy, similar to chemotherapy or hormonal therapy,” she said. Exercise offers many other advantages: It fights the fatigue caused by cancer treatment, calms anxiety and helps survivors feel better about themselves and their bodies.

「耶鲁大学」医学院癌症与运动专家梅琳达．尔文表示，在未来几年内，运动可能会成为癌症术后复健的常态处方。她说，运动将会成为「和化学治疗或荷尔蒙疗法类似的标靶治疗」。运动还有很多其他好处：能减轻癌症治疗所导致的疲劳感、安抚焦虑的情绪，并促使癌症存活者对自己和自己的身体更有自信。

There are 10 million cancer survivors in the United States, 22 percent of them women who have had breast cancer, 17 percent of them men who’ve had prostate cancer. Exercise makes sense for most of them – to live longer, avoid other health problems and just feel better.

全美有一千万名癌症存活者，其中有百分之二十二是罹患过乳癌的女性，还有百分之十七是罹患过摄护腺癌的男性。运动对其中大多数人都有帮助──可以让他们活得更久，避免引发其他健康上的问题，也让他们感觉很舒服。

Using exercise in cardiac rehab 心脏病患复健加入运动疗法

Heart attack patients are now routinely put on exercise plans. But workouts for cancer patients are neither prescribed by doctors nor covered by health insurance.

如今运动疗程已被列为心脏病患者的常态处方。不过，癌症患者的运动健身却既没有医师处方，也无健保给付。

“We’re where cardiac rehab was 20 years ago,” Irwin said. Once exercise was shown through research to prevent fatal heart attacks, 12 weeks of rehabilitation became the standard of care for most heart patients. In fact, many hospitals opened cardiac rehab centers.

「我们现在正处于和二十年前心脏病患复健机构相同的情况，」尔文说道。在过去，研究发现运动有助于预防致命性的心脏病发作之后，大多数心脏病患的标准疗程也会同时包含为期十二周的运动复健。事实上，很多医院还设立了心脏病患复健中心。

Even with a low level of exercise, people benefit psychologically, said Rita Musanti, an oncology nurse-practitioner at the Cancer Institute of New Jersey. With so many cancer survivors in the community, she’d like to see informal networks created to encourage recovering cancer patients.

「纽泽西癌症研究院」肿瘤学护理师瑞塔．穆桑提表示，就算运动量很少，也足以使患者的心理健康受益。由于社群内有许许多多癌症存活者，她希望能有更多非正式网络建立起来，以鼓励那些康复中的癌症患者。

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revitalize [riˋvaɪt!͵aɪz] v. 使恢复元气; 使恢复生气

prostate [ˋprɑs͵tet] adj.【解】前列腺（的）

make sense 合理, 可行; 有意义, 说得通

oncology [ɑŋˋkɑlədʒɪ] n.【医】肿瘤学 the study and treatment of tumors (masses of diseased cells) in the body

practitioner [prækˋtɪʃənɚ] n. 开业者; 从事者，实践者

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Exercise and cancer recovery 运动与癌症复原

Researchers are working to understand how physical activity helps fight cancer. Their findings so far suggest: 研究人员目前正试图了解运动如何能协助对抗癌症。迄今的研究发现显示：

Exercise reduces blood level of insulin, a substance in the blood that causes cells to divide and grow more quickly. Women with high levels of insulin have a slightly higher risk of breast cancer and a much higher rate of recurrence and death. 运动会降低血液中胰岛素的浓度。胰岛素这种人体中的物质，能促使细胞分裂，及更快速地成长。女性体内的胰岛素浓度若较高，则罹患乳癌的机率也会略微增高，而乳癌复发与死亡的机率则会大增。
Exercise helps repair infection-fighting T-cell, restoring the immune system after it has been damaged by chemotherapy. 运动有助于修复专事对抗感染的Ｔ细胞，并使因化疗而受损的免疫系统逐渐复原。
Exercise reduces levels of circulating estrogen and testosterone, two hormones linked to different cancers. 运动会降低在体内循环的雌激素与睪丸素浓度，而这两种荷尔蒙和一些不同种类的癌症有关连。
Exercise prevents weight gain and promotes weight loss, important because obesity is associated with lower rates of survival for many forms of cancer. 运动有助于预防体重增加，并促进减重。这一点相当重要，因为对很多种癌症而言，肥胖往往和存活率较低有关连。

The path back to health 重返健康之路

Most of scientific work so far has focused on women with breast cancer. But studies have also shown exercise has positive effects for survivors of colorectal and prostate cancers. Among men older than 65, three hours of vigorous activity a week was associated with a decline in death from prostate cancer.

迄今大多数科学研究都把焦点锁定在女性乳癌患者上。不过，研究也显示，运动对结肠直肠癌和摄护腺癌存活者也能带来正面效益。对于六十五岁以上的男性来说，每周三小时的运动有助减少因罹患摄护腺癌而死亡的机率。

Exercise is now considered so beneficial that cancer experts are even encouraging patients to begin or resume exercise while treatment is under way. Workouts might need to be scaled back in intensity and pace, but “evidence strongly suggests that exercise is not only safe and feasible during cancer treatment, but that it can also improve physical functioning and some aspects of quality of life,” according to the American Cancer Society. When scar tissue forms after surgery, it limits flexibility. Exercise can help women who’ve had mastectomies and underarm incisions restore the range of motion.

由于目前普遍认为运动好处极多，因此癌症专家甚至鼓励病患在治疗仍进行期间，就可以开始运动或恢复原有运动习惯。运动时可能得减低剧烈程度和速度，不过，「美国癌症协会」指出，「强烈证据显示，在癌症治疗期间，运动不但安全可行，还有助于改善体能和一些生活层面的质量。」手术过后，伤痕组织的形成会使病患肢体灵活度受限。运动可以帮助接受乳房切除与腋下切开术的女性恢复肢体灵活度。

Becoming active again, said one recovered cancer patient, helped her “realize that cancer is not a jail sentence. It’s a big bump in the road. But you can find your new normal, and have a great life.”

一名复原的癌症患者表示，能再度活跃起来，帮助她「了解到，罹患癌症不代表自己被判有期徒刑，它只是人生路上的一大阻碍而已。但你还是能够回复正常的新生活，享受精采的人生。」

−by Lindy Washburn

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