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Psychology (心理学)

Living a Healthy Lifestyle 寂寞会传染

详细资料: 创建于 2010年7月07日; 最后更新于 2024年5月25日; 发布于 2012年7月02日; 作者：Mike Lee; 点击数：270

（译注：直译为过健康的生活方式）

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Avoiding loneliness and getting your rest 远离寂寞，充分休息

Lonely people aren’t by themselves 同是天涯寂寞人

Loneliness, like happiness, can be contagious, says research out today that shows how feeling lonely can make others lonely, too.

今天刚公布的研究报告指出，寂寞和快乐一样，都具有感染力，自己觉得寂寞时，会让其他人也感到寂寞。

The study by John Cacioppo, a psychologist at the University of Chicago, builds on recent research showing that happiness is contagious and spreads through social networks.

芝加哥大学心理学家约翰．卡乔波这篇研究报告，是以最近一篇调查为基础，调查中指出，快乐具有感染力，而且会藉由社交脉络网扩散出去。

The researchers found that next-door neighbors who experienced an increase of one day of loneliness a week promoted an increase in loneliness among neighbors who were close friends.

研究人员发现，隔壁邻居的一周寂寞天数如果增加一天，会让同为知心好友的邻居的寂寞感也提高。

“You can use your friends to get you out of negative moods, whereas when you feel more isolated, you act more negatively toward your friends,” Cacioppo says.

卡乔波表示，「你是可以利用朋友让自己走出负面情绪，但你愈觉得孤立，就愈会以负面态度对待朋友。」

The study, published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, also found that women were more likely than men to report “catching” loneliness and that the chances of becoming lonely were more likely to be caused by changes in their friendship networks rather than among family.

这篇发表于《人格与社会心理学期刊》的报告同时也发现，女性会表示自己「感染」到寂寞的机率高于男性；此外，因友谊网络改变而产生寂寞感的可能性，也大于家人关系的改变。

Psychiatrist Jacqueline Olds, a professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School who studies loneliness, says the contagion finding is a “reasonable idea.”

精神科医师杰奎琳．欧德兹专门研究寂寞感，她也是哈佛医学院精神科教授。欧德指出，寂寞具传染力是种「合理的想法」。

Olds says loneliness is a universal feeling, but people are embarrassed about it.

她表示，寂寞是种共通情绪，然而大家却羞于提及。

“They don’t like to admit they’re lonely because they feel like it’s admitting they’re a loser, when in fact, it’s universal,” she says.

「人们不想承认自己寂寞，因为他们觉得这等于是承认自己失败，但事实上这是人人都会有的情绪。」

Daniel Russell, a professor of human development and family studies at Iowa State University-Ames, says people often have the wrong idea about loneliness.

丹尼尔．罗素是爱荷华州立大学安姆斯分校的人类发展与家庭研究教授，他认为人们对寂寞通常有种错误的观念。

“You have to keep in mind some people are lonely and have a large number of friends, and some people don’t have any friends and are not lonely,” Russell says.

罗素指出，「我们必须记住，有些人朋友很多，却感到寂寞；有些人朋友不多，但却并不寂寞。」

Because loneliness is associated with various mental and physical illnesses, Cacioppo says, it’s important to help people feel more connected.

卡乔波表示，由于寂寞与多种心理及身体疾病有关，因此协助人们建立连结感很重要。

“We can actually design urban environments so that loneliness is less likely, and a sense of community is greater,” he says.

他说，「我们可以实地设计出比较不会产生寂寞感、社群性较强的都市环境。」

−by Sharon Jayson

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More Information

by themselves 独自地; 单独地

contagious [kənˋtedʒəs] adj.（感情等）感染性的；会蔓延的

build on 把...建立于...; 以...为思想(或行动、理论、计划等)的基础 be based on; of theories and claims, for example

next-door 隔壁的

psychiatry [saɪˋkaɪətrɪ] n. 精神病治疗；精神病学

contagion [kənˋtedʒən] n.（情绪、思想等的）感染；感染性的情绪（或思想等）the spreading of an attitude or emotion, often with harmful side effects

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Catching up on sleep a dangerous illusion 补眠：危险的错误观念

People who are chronically sleep-deprived may think they’re caught up after a 10-hour night of sleep, but new research shows that although they’re near-normal when they awake, their ability to function deteriorates markedly as night falls.

长期失眠不足的人可能以为晚上睡个十小时，就可以弥补过来。但是新研究显示，这些补眠的人清醒时虽然和常人差不多，但当夜幕低垂，他们的活动力就会明显降低。

Some studies show that almost 30 percent of Americans get less than six hours of sleep at night. The research indicates that the body’s daily circadian rhythm hides the effects of chronic sleep loss and gives such people a second wind between about 3 p.m. and 7 p.m., when the circadian rhythm is pushing them to be awake.

有些报告显示，几近三成的美国人夜晚睡眠时间少于六小时。这项研究则指出，人体日常昼夜节律会掩盖住长期睡眠不足的影响，因为昼夜节律会逼人保持清醒，让睡眠不足的人在下午三点到七点之间精神抖擞。

But then they fall off a cliff in terms of attention.

但是接下来，他们的注意力就会大幅下降。

Staying up for 24 hours straight is bad enough, but the study shows that if you do that on top of having gotten less than six hours of sleep a night for two to three weeks, your reaction times and abilities are 10 times worse than they would have been just pulling an all-nighter, says Daniel Cohen, a neurologist at Harvard Medical School and lead author of the study in Science Translational Medicine journal.

哈佛医学院神经科医师丹尼尔．柯恩表示，连续二十四小时不睡觉已经够糟了，但是报告指出，如果再加上连续两、三星期每天的睡眠少于六小时，那么你的反应时间与反应能力将比只熬夜一晚糟糕十倍。丹尼尔．柯恩也是这份刊登在《科学转化医学期刊》研究的主要作者。

That’s dangerous for public health because many critical positions are held by people who have to stay up long hours, including doctors, paramedics, police officers and truckers.

这对公共卫生来说很危险，因为许多重要职位都需要熬夜，包括医师、急救人员、警察和卡车司机在内。

Eve Van Cauter, a sleep researcher at the University of Chicago, calls the study “almost scary, because it really reveals that a large segment of the modern population may be at high risk of committing catastrophic errors, particularly in the middle of the night and the early morning hours.”

芝加哥大学睡眠研究人员伊芙．范寇特认为，这项研究「几乎让人感到害怕，因为它确实显示出，现代人口中有一大部分人是可能犯下严重错误的高风险群，尤其是在深夜及清晨时分。」

−by Elizabeth Welse

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