EZCNN 易英网

Following the Leader

 

Human relations involves the interaction — both verbal and nonverbal — among people in an organization. It’s particular important in the areas of leadership and staff motivation; therefore, small-business managers must possess good interpersonal skills.

人际关系包含了同属某个组织的成员间言语上与言语外的互动。它在领导统御与激励员工的领域上格外重要；因此，小型企业的管理人必须拥有良好处理人际关系的技巧。

 

The success of a business is often largely dependent on the manager’s leadership style. Leadership is the influence one exerts either overtly or covertly, to encourage others to strive to reach objectives. Although many believe that leadership is management, it is, in fact, only one aspect of it—but a very important one nonetheless.

一个企业的成功与否往往取决于管理者的领导风格。统御能力是指一个人为了驱策他人达成目标而公开运用或非公开行使的影响力。虽然有许多人相信领导能力就是经营管理，事实上，那仅是其中一个层面──尽管如此，却是相当重要的一面。

 

The three most commonly used leadership styles are autocratic, democratic, and laissez-faire. An autocratic style involves managers making the majority of decisions alone and is most appropriate for situation where there is little or no room for error. Democratic leadership, as its name suggests, involves greater nonmanagement input in decision making. With laissez-faire leadership, the manager adopts a more hands-off policy, leaving his staff for the most part to their own devices.

三种最常用的领导风格是独裁式、民主式与放任式。独裁式由管理者单独做大部分的决定，这种方式最适合只容些许差池或根本不容犯错的状况。民主的领导方式，正如其名，允许较多非管理阶层的意见投入决策过程。使用放任领导方式的主事者则采取较不干涉的政策，让所属员工自行处理其大部分的计划。

 

Good business managers are able to spot when a change of leadership style is required; they will adopt the leadership approach that suits both the situation at hand and particular employees they are deal with.

好的企业管理人能洞悉领导风格必须改变的时机；他们会衡量眼前的状况及正在处理的特定员工，采取恰当的领导方式。

 

Vocabulary

单词发音

 

interpersonal [͵ɪntɚˋpɝsən!] adj. 人与人之间的

exert [ɪgˋzɝt] v. 行使；发挥；施加

overtly [oˋvɝtlɪ] adv. 明显地；公然

covertly [ˋkʌvɚtlɪ] adv. 秘密地；偷偷摸摸地

nonetheless [͵nʌnðəˋlɛs] adv.【正式】然而﹐ 但是; 尽管如此﹐ 虽然如此

autocratic [͵ɔtəˋkrætɪk] adj. 独裁的，专制的

laissez-faire【法】自由放任（指政府对工商业的政策）; 放任主义，不干涉主义

hands-off 不干涉的，不插手的

device [dɪˋvaɪs] n. 手段；谋略；诡计

spot [spɑt] v.【口】认出，发现

at hand  在手边

 

 

Sentence of the Day

Do you follow?

你懂吗?。

 

follow [ˋfɑlo] v. 听懂；领会

 

 

 

课文朗读

 

课文讲解

 

Carrots, Not Sticks

 

Successful managers know that the key to good leadership lies in understanding employees’ needs and which incentives work best to get them motivated. Whether they realize it or not, managers are always motivating their staff. It’s sometimes verbal, other times nonverbal; it can also be positive or negative, affecting employee performance accordingly.

成功的管理者知道良好管理的关键在于了解员工的需要，也明白哪些诱因最能激励员工。不论他们是否真的了解，主事者无时无刻不在刺激员工。有时是言词上的，有时非关言语；可能是正面，也可能是负面的，员工的表现因此受到影响。

 

Positive motivation inspires employee to take their work performance to a higher level. It boosts staff morale and is desirable in a work environment. But negative motivation, such as punishment or verbal abuse, upsets employees. This is dangerous for a business, as it can foster negativity and adversely affect productivity.

正面的激励会鼓舞员工将工作表现提升到更高的水平。它会提振员工士气，在工作环境中是最好不过的。但，负面的刺激，如惩罚或口出恶言，则会让员工受挫。这对一家企业来说是很危险的，因为它会促使消极滋长，对生产力有不良影响。

 

Motivational techniques are used to attract and retain employees as well as improve their performance. The best incentives are a good salary, pleasant working conditions, and the possibility of promotion. Giving praise, extra responsibility, and raises on merit will motivate the staff to improve their performance and efficiency.

为了吸引员工、留住员工，并精进其工作表现，必须运用激发性的技巧。最佳的诱因是一份好的待遇，愉快的工作环境和升迁的可能性。给予有功者赞美，额外的责任和加薪都将激励员工精进其工作表现和效率。

 

Enthusiasm, initiative, and loyalty are desirable characteristics to have in a worker, but such attributes cannot be bought --- they have to be earned. By employing strong motivation and leadership techniques, managers will bring out the aforementioned traits in their workers and, by doing so, bring greater success to their business.

热忱、创始力和忠诚是雇主期盼员工具备的特质，然而这样的特质是花钱买不到的──必须有所付出才能获得。透过利用强有力的激励方式与领导技巧，管理者方能从员工中启发出前述的特质，也藉此为他们的事业带来更大的成功。

 

－by Colin Gread

 

Vocabulary

单词发音

 

incentive [ɪnˋsɛntɪv] n. 刺激；鼓励；动机

motivated [ˋmotɪvetɪd] adj. 积极的; 主动的

accordingly [əˋkɔrdɪŋlɪ] adv. 相应地; 因此﹐ 从而

boost [bust] v. 推动；促进

morale [məˋræl] n. 士气，斗志; 道德；品行

desirable [dɪˋzaɪrəb!] adj. 值得拥有的; 值得做的; 值得想望（或拥有）的; 合意的; 可取的; 受欢迎的

foster [ˋfɔstɚ] v. 培养，促进

negativity [͵nɛgəˋtɪvətɪ] n. 否定性；消极性

adversely [ædˋvɝslɪ] adv. 不利地

motivational [͵motəˋveʃənəl] adj. 激发积极性的；诱导的

retain [rɪˋten] v. 留住; 保留

merit [ˋmɛrɪt] n. 酬金；赏金 an obsolete word for reward

initiative [ɪˋnɪʃətɪv] n. 自主决断行事的能力; 主动能力; 进取心

characteristic [͵kærəktəˋrɪstɪk] n. 特性，特征，特色

attribute [əˈtrɪbjut] n. 属性；特性，特质

bring out 使…明显; 显示出; 使…得以发挥

aforementioned [əˋforˋmɛnʃənd] adj. 前面提及的，上述的

 

 

Sentence of the Day

It’s not what you do; it’s the way that you do it.

做甚么并不重要，重要的是你怎么做。