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A Prized Mind: Joseph Pulitzer 普立兹奖：人道关怀

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课文讲解

繁體中文譯本

In the world of American journalism, no prize carries more weight than the Pulitzer. The prestigious prize is named after Joseph Pulitzer (1847-1911), who stands as the very symbol of solid American journalism.

在美国新闻界，普立兹奖是最高荣誉。这个声名卓著的奖项是以约瑟夫．普立兹(1847-1911)命名，普立兹象征着稳固可信的美国新闻界。

A Hungarian immigrant, Pulitzer worked as a mule tender, waiter and hack driver before becoming a journalist. He slowly made his way up, eventually becoming a successful newspaper publisher. In his newspapers, Pulitzer fought against government corruption and advocated investigative reporting. “Every issue of the paper presents an opportunity and a duty to say something courageous and true,” he once said.

移民自匈牙利，普立兹曾经照顾过骡子、当过侍者，和出租车司机，然后才成为新闻记者。他努力不懈，最后终于成为成功的报纸发行人。在他的报纸中，普立兹对抗政府的腐化并且鼓吹调查性新闻报导。他曾经这么说过：「报纸的每份消息代表一个机会和责任，报导某个有勇气和真实的事。」

Pulitzer believed that journalists should never tolerate injustice, always be independent, and attack what is wrong. He was also a visionary who hoped to attract more young people to journalism. He wished not only to teach reporting skills, but also to instill moral integrity in the trade.

普立兹认为新闻从业人员绝对不该忍受不公平的事，应该要独立自主：并且攻击错误的事。他同时也是个理想家，希望能吸引更多年轻人加入新闻行业。他希望不仅教导这些年轻人报导技巧，同时也希望能为新闻业注入德性素养。

About writing a good news story, he once said, “Put it before them (readers) briefly so they will read it, clearly so they will appreciate it, picturesquely so they will remember it and, above all, accurately so they will be guided by its light.”

有关如何写出一篇好的报导，普立兹曾经说过：「将它简短地摆在（读者）面前，所以读者会阅读；清楚，所以读者会欣赏；生动，所以读者会记得；尤其是，真实，所以读者会受其引导。」

Writing his will in 1904, Pulitzer made preparations for the prize that would be his legacy. Through it, he wanted to ensure that even after his death, the very best in American Journalism would continue to be recognized and encouraged.

1904年普立兹立下遗嘱，筹备普立兹奖，而这个奖项也成为他的遗产。透过这个奖项，普立兹想要确定即使在他身后，美国新闻界中最珍贵的道德、正直依旧能得到认可及鼓励。

Vocabulary

单词发音

journalism [ˋdʒɝn!͵ɪzm] n. 新闻工作；新闻业

prestigious [prɛsˋtɪdʒɪəs] adj. 有威望[声望﹐威信]的

corruption [kəˋrʌpʃən] n. 腐化；贪污

advocate [ˋædvəkɪt] v. 拥护；提倡；主张

More Information

单词发音

solid [ˋsɑlɪd] adj. 结实的；坚固的；坚牢的

mule [mjul] n. 骡

tender [ˋtɛndɚ] n. 看管人，照料人

hack driver【口】出租车司机 someone who drives a taxi for a living

hack [hæk] n.【口】出租车；出租车司机

make one's way  向前走; 取得成功  proceed, go forward

visionary [ˋvɪʒə͵nɛrɪ] n. 有远见卓识者

instill [ɪnˋstɪl] v. 逐渐灌输；徐徐地教导

integrity [ɪnˋtɛgrətɪ] n. 正直；廉正；诚实

trade [tred] n. 同业者，同行

picturesquely [͵pɪktʃəˋrɛsklɪ] adv. 如画地

will [wɪl] n. 遗嘱

recognize  [ˋrɛkəg͵naɪz] v. 认可，认定

课文讲解

First awarded in 1917, the Pulitzer Prize is given to people whose storiesprovideimportant insights into our world. It is, first and foremost, a humanitarian award.

1907年颁发第一届普立兹奖，这些获奖者的报导对于我们所处的世界有深刻的报导。这个奖项也是首座人道精神奖。

Over the years, many talented journalists have been awarded the Pulitzer. Seymour Hersh earned worldwide recognition for his reporting on the March 1968 My Lai massacre, in which American soldiers killed hundreds of unarmed Vietnamese civilians. Columnist Thomas L. Friedman of the New York Times  won the award for his often controversial look at the difficult situation in the Middle East.

数十年来，许多才华洋溢的新闻记者获颁普立兹奖。西莫．赫许(Seymour Hersh)因为报导1968年三月发生的美莱村大屠杀事件而获得全世界的推祟。在该事件中，美军杀害数百名没有武装的越南人民。纽约时报专栏作家托马斯．佛里曼(Thomas L. Friedman)因为他对中东困境有不同的看法，时常引起争论，也获颁普立兹奖。

More than just journalism, the prize has several categories, including fiction, music, and drama. In fiction, John Steinbeck and Philip Roth are members of the select group of prize-winning writers. In their easily recognizable language, they take a brutally honest look at American society, and serve as inspiration to newer generations of writers. In 1997, African-American Wynton Marsalis became the first jazz musician to win the Pulitzer Prize in music for Blood on the Field, an oratorio on slavery.

普立兹奖除了新闻奖项之外，还颁发其他奖项，包括小说、音乐和戏剧。在小说方面，约翰．罗斯(Philip Roth)都曾是得奖名单上的一员。在他们深具个人风格的写作中，作家们坦白直率地呈现美国社会，并且启发了日后的作家。1997年，非裔美国人温顿．马沙立斯(Wynton Marsalis)以奴隶为题的神剧《田野上的鲜血》(Blood on the Fields)获奖，成为普立兹奖音乐奖项当中第一爵士音乐家。

Long after Pulitzer departed from the scene, his support for and belief in the value of journalistic excellence and integrity is stronger than ever. With the expansion of the awards into new fields, Pulitzer’s humanitarian spirit lives on.

普立兹过世多年后，在今日，普立兹对于新闻卓越性和新闻正义的支持和信仰更甚以往。随着普立兹奖颁发新领域奖项的同时，普立兹的人道精神永存不朽。

−by J. Michael Cole

Vocabulary

单词发音

insight [ˋɪn͵saɪt] n. 洞察力; 眼光

humanitarian [hju͵mænəˋtɛrɪən] n. 人道主义者

massacre [ˋmæsəkɚ] n. 大屠杀，残杀

controversial [͵kɑntrəˋvɝʃəl] adj. 有争议的

category [ˋkætə͵gorɪ] n. 类别﹐ 种类﹐ 范畴

More Information

单词发音

first and foremost 比什么都重要; 首要的  more than anything else; of greatest importance

civilian [sɪˋvɪljən] n. 平民，百姓

fiction [ˋfɪkʃən] n.（总称）小说

brutally [ˋbrut!ɪ] adv. 残忍地，野蛮地

oratorio [͵ɔrəˋtorio] n.（通常为宗教题材的）清唱剧; 神剧

excellence [ˋɛks!əns] n. 优秀；杰出

live on  继续存在着   continue to live through hardship or adversity

Reading Questions

1.  In Joseph Pulitzer’s opinion, what doesn’t a good story need to be?

A.  Clear.

B.  Recognizable.

C.  Accurate.

D.  Vivid.

2.  Which of the following is true about Joseph Pulitzer?

A.  He believed young people didn’t have enough experience to become journalists.

B.  He was a principled man who fought for what he believed in.

C.  He found that corruption in government could not be wiped out.

D.  He was a Hungarian immigrant who won the first Pulitzer Prize.

3.  Which of the following is NOT true about Pulitzer winners?

A.  Seymour Hersh covered the My Lai massacre during the Vietnam War.

B.  Wynton Marsalis won his prize for creating very hip jazz music.

C.  John Steinbeck took a hard, honest look at American society.

D.  Thomas Friedman took a controversial look at the Middle East situation.

4.  What would be a good title for this article?

A.  Joseph Pulitzer: The Man and His Legacy.

B.  Expanded Categories of the Pulitzer Prize.

C.  The Controversy About Joseph Pulitzer.

D.  The Moral Integrity of Pulitzer Prize Winners.

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Pulitzer Prize Winning Photography: A mirror to the world

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