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Do You Know Your Leadership Archetype? 你是哪种领袖？

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Four different ways leaders get things done  领袖做事的四种不同方式

Strategy experts Michael J. Berland and Douglas E. Schoen recently went in search of the inner qualities that make a leader a success. Through extensive research, they found that these people excelin their fields through personal drive, determined behaviors and the self-awareness to know who they are and what they want. While interviewing some of today’s most successful people, Berland and Schoen learned that success comes to individuals who have mastered their own identities.

策略专家麦可．柏兰与道格拉斯．熊恩近来致力于了解成功的领袖所拥有的内在特质。在广泛研究后发现，这种人能在自己的领域里出类拔萃，是因为他们拥有强烈的个人冲劲、行事坚定不懈，并且具备自知之明，深知自己是什么样的人，想要追求什么样的目标。柏兰和熊恩访问了当今最成功的部分人士，结果发现成功会降临在那些充分了解自己的人身上。

What the authors describe throughout What Makes You Tick?is not a prescription for success. Instead, they present real-life stories and people to demonstrate ways we can enhance the skills and strengths we already have to find success. After examining dozens of successful business leaders, political figures, sports legends and celebrities, the authors identified four distinct “archetypes” that are each made up of a set of consistent character traits that place their skills, strengths, weaknesses and personalities apart from the others.

这两位作者在《真心所爱》（暂译）这本书里，并不是提出成功的处方，而是透过真人真事所示范的方法，让我们知道该怎么强化自己已有的技能和长处，从而获得成功。两位作者研究了数十位成功的商业领袖、政治人物、体坛传奇与明星，而找出四种鲜明的「原型」，每一种都由一套具有一致性的性格特征所构成，而每种原型的技能、长处、短处与个性也都各自不同。

Natural-Born Leaders and Independence Seekers  天生的领袖与独立追求者

The first archetype is the “Natural-Born Leader.” These people find great satisfaction in taking charge of complex challenges. Their confidence and abilities define them as individuals who know they will succeed as they face any challenge. Berland and Schoen explain that these people exhibit self-confidence, big-picture thinking, atake-chargepersonality, an inspirational and motivational spirit and a helpful approach as they boost up those around them. If you are a Natural-Born Leader, you always have to be the best in school, at playing sports and in doing business. You have to do things first and fastest, and you enjoy moving up the corporate ladder.

第一种原型是「天生的领袖」。这种人可以在处理繁复的挑战当中获得极大的满足。他们具备自信与能力，不论面对任何挑战，都知道自己一定会成功。柏兰与熊恩指出，这种人展现出自信、大处着眼的思路以及凡事掌握主导权的个性，具有能够启发及激励别人的精神，而且乐于助人，能够激起周遭人们的冲劲。你如果是天生领袖型的人物，就会随时都想争取第一，不论是在学校、运动场或商场上都一样。你总是想要最早、最快把事情完成，也喜欢在职场中不断往上晋升。

Another archetype that the authors of What Make You Tick? identify and expand with real-world examples is the “Independence Seeker.” They explain that people in this group are always trying to come up with a better way to do things, have the self-confidence to do whatever they need to do to reach their goals, are willing to take risks when they see an opportunity, have a “restless spirit” that manifests itself in the form of new goals , and “don’t take themselves too seriously.” Independence seekers aren’t interested in making things perfect: They just want what they want. They also want to be recognized for their accomplishments.

《真心所爱》的作者接着以真实案例来阐述并指出的另一种原型，则是「独立追求者」。他们说，这种人总是一再想要找出更好的做事方法；具备充分自信，能够采取必要手段以达成目标；只要看见机会，就愿意冒险尝试；拥有「闲不下来的精神」，这股精神以总是不断追求新目标的形式显现，他们也「不会太严肃看待自己」。独立追求者对于追求完美不感兴趣：他们只追求自己想要的东西。此外，他们也希望自己的成就能获得认可。

单词发音

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drive [draɪv] n. 魄力，干劲

self-awareness [͵sɛlfəˋwɛrnɪs] n. 自我意识；自知；自明

identity [aɪˋdɛntətɪ] n. 身分；本身; 个性，特性

what makes someone tick （非正式）某人的行为（或思想）动机是，某人动机何在 something that motivates someone; something that makes someone behave in a certain way

tick [tɪk] v. 工作，起作用; 发滴答声

real-life 实在的, 现实的

take charge of 管理; 负责 to assume control or command

big-picture 大局的

boost up 支持(某人), 增强(某人)的力量 push upward

expand [ɪkˋspænd] v. 详述

manifest [ˋmænə͵fɛst] v. 表明，显示，表露

accomplishment [əˋkɑmplɪʃmənt] n. 成就；成绩

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课文讲解

Visionaries and Do-Gooders  远见家与社会改良者

“Visionaries,” on the other hand, have a different set of inner personality traits. They don’t accept the status quo, the authors explain, and they are willing to take a risk to make the changes they desire. They trust themselves to make those changes, they look at problems with a wide-angle lens and they believe they can make things better.

另一方面，「远见家」则具备另一套不同的内在性格特征。作者进一步解释说，这种人不接受现状，愿意冒险追求他们想要的改变。他们相信自己能促成改变，并总是以宏观的角度来看待问题，也相信自己能够让事情变得更美好。

Visionaries have a powerful relentless drive and they’re much less concerned with getting recognized for their accomplishments because they put more value in personal satisfaction. Examples of Visionaries include Don Hewitt from CBS’s 60 Minutes and Estee Lauder’s CEO William Lauder.

远见家则具有一种持续不懈的强烈冲劲，不太在乎自己的成就是否受到肯定，因为他们比较重视的是个人的满足感。远见家的例子包括哥伦比亚电视台《六十分钟》节目的唐．休伊特，及雅诗兰黛执行长威廉．兰黛。

“Do-Gooders” are the fourth type of successful people the authors describe in What Makes You Tick? These people are moral, ethical, at ease with criticism, believe in others, never give up on a good cause and are seriously interested in their work. They are not self-interested, so they are willing to sacrifice themselves for the greater good.

「社会改良者」是作者在《真心所爱》一书中提出的第四种成功人士。这种人充满道德感与伦理感，能够平心接受批评，相信别人，追求良善的目标且从不轻言放弃，而且真心喜爱自己的工作。他们不自私自利，所以愿意为了公众的利益牺牲小我。

Organizations love to have these people in leadership roles because, according to the authors, they “define themselves in terms of the organization or cause they work for.” Craigslist founder and chairman Craig Newmark and former U.S. Ambassador Richard Holbrooke both fit into this category, the authors explain.

根据两位作者的说法，一般的机构组织会喜欢由这种人担任领导职务，原因是他们「总是从组织的角度或是他们追求的目标来界定自己」。作者进一步解释说，「克雷格分类广告」网站创办人及董事长克雷格．纽马克，及前美国大使里察．郝尔布鲁克，都是属于这种类型的人物。

What Make You Tick? opens up the possibilities of these archetypes by expanding them with the experiences of real people. It also describes the steps that help leaders move from self-analysis to self-definition to leveraging that definition to reach their goals.

《真心所爱》藉由真实人物的经验来扩充这些原型的内涵，从而开启这些原型的种种可能性。此外，书中也提出循序渐进的步骤，可协助领导者从自我分析迈向自我界定，再进一步利用这样的界定来达成目标。

The entertaining tour that the authors lead through these archetypes – and the lives of the stars who embody them – make this book a fun and exciting read filled with self-reflection and self-discovery.

作者带领（读者）踏上一趟充满趣味的旅程，探索这些原型及体现这些原型的大人物的人生经历，使这本书读起来不但兴味盎然、振奋人心，也可让人充分自省，并促成自我发现。

−by Chris Lauer

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do-gooder [ˋdu͵gʊdɚ] n. 做好事的人；改良家；社会改良家 someone devoted to the promotion of human welfare and to social reforms

moral [ˋmɔrəl] adj. 讲道德的，品性端正的

at ease 安心, 自在 without worry or anxiety

self-interested [ˋsɛlfˋɪntərɪstɪd] adj.（出于）自私的

in terms of 就...方面来说 regarding something; concerning something

单词发音

Vocabulary Focus

archetype [ˋɑrkɪ͵taɪp] n. 原型 a typical example of something; the original model of something from which others are copied

prescription [prɪˋskrɪpʃən] n. 处方，药方 what someone must have or do

boost [bust] v. 推动；帮助；促进 to improve or increase something

corporate ladder 指公司无形的阶梯 a series of increasingly important jobs or stages in a particular type of work

status quo 现状 the present situation

relentless [rɪˋlɛntlɪs] adj. 不间断的，持续的；坚韧的，不懈的 continuing in a severe or extreme way

ethical [ˋɛθɪk!] adj. 伦理的的；合乎道德的 morally right; acting according to socially accepted rules and norms

leverage [ˋlɛvərɪdʒ] v. 起杠杆作用；发挥重要功效 to use one thing to enhance or improve another

embody [ɪmˋbɑdɪ] v. 体现，使具体化 to represent a quality or an idea exactly