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Arts (艺术)

The Two Fridas: The Joyous and Tragic Life of Frida Kahlo 挥洒烈爱－芙烈达的双面人生

详细资料: 创建于 2007年3月26日; 最后更新于 2024年5月25日; 发布于 2011年12月20日; 作者：Mike Lee; 点击数：238

课文朗读

课文讲解

繁體中文譯本

In The Two Fridas, by legendary Mexican artist Frida Kahlo, two likenesses of the artist sit side by side, holding hands. The one on the right wears a traditional Mexican costume, and grips a small portrait of her husband, Diego. The heart is exposed, plump, red and whole. Contrastingly, the Frida on the left is clothed in a lacy white European gown, her exposed heart is broken and dry. This painting vividly depicts the artist’s intense pain during a separation from her husband and her conflicted feelings about the different cultural influences in her life.

在墨西哥传奇女画家芙烈达的画作《两个卡萝》中，和画家酷似的两人握着手端坐在一起。右边那位穿着传统墨西哥服装，手持丈夫迪亚哥的小幅肖像；她圆润、鲜红、饱满的心脏裸露在外。相反地，左边的芙烈达身着欧式白色蕾丝礼服，外露的心破裂、干枯。这幅画生动描绘了画家和丈夫分离时的强烈痛楚，以及生命中不同的文化影响带给她的冲突情绪。

Frida Kahlo was born in 1907 on a rainy morning in the small town of Coyoacan, Mexico City, to a German-Jewish father and a Mexican mother. From the time she was a young girl, she had a bold personality, full of mischief and unbridled enthusiasm. At the advice of her doctor after a bout with polio, she got involved in all kinds of sports, including boxing. She was teased because of her deformed leg, but soon learned to deal with it.

芙烈达．卡萝在1907年一个下雨的早晨诞生于墨西哥市的科约阿坎小镇上，父亲是德裔犹太人，母亲是墨西哥人。自少女时代起，她便非常直率大胆、淘气顽皮、热情奔放。罹患小儿麻痹症后，她在医生建议下从事包括拳击在内的各项运动。她因腿部畸形而遭到耻笑，但很快就学会应付这种情况。

As a teen, Frida entered a preparatory school where she was one of only a few girls. She loved reading and learning about many subjects, but she was not academically inclined. Because of her high intelligence, however, she excelled in her studies without much effort. In the meantime, she became part of a group of boys who were involved in pursuits of both troublemaking and intellectual expansion. At the age of 18, Frida’s life suddenly changed course. The bus she was riding on one morning was struck by a streetcar. Frida was impaled by a steel cable, and sustained numerous broken bones.

十来岁时，芙烈达进入一所预备学校，成为该校少数几名女生之一。芙烈达喜欢阅读及学习多种学科，但其志趣并不在学业上。然而，由于天资聪颖，她无需费太多心力在课业上表现突出。芙烈达同时也是一群既调皮捣蛋又追求智能发展的男生中的一员。18岁时，芙烈达的人生遭逢巨变。一天早上，她搭乘的公交车被电车撞上，芙烈达的身体被钢索刺穿，多处骨折。

Vocabulary

单词发音

joyous [ˋdʒɔɪəs] adj. 乐的；高兴的

tragic [ˋtrædʒɪk] adj. 悲惨的，不幸的

vividly [ˋvɪvɪdlɪ] adv. 生动地；逼真地

enthusiasm [ɪnˋθjuzɪ͵æzəm] n. 热情，热忱

intelligence [ɪnˋtɛlədʒəns] n. 智能; 智力; 理解力

excel [ɪkˋsɛl] v. 擅长﹐胜过他人

change course 改变方向 shift from one side (of the ship) to the other

sustain [səˋsten] v. 遭受

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单词发音

grip [grɪp] v. 紧握

portrait [ˋportret] n. 肖像，画像

plump [plʌmp] adj. 丰满的；胖嘟嘟的

contrastingly [kənˋtræstɪŋlɪ] adv. 形成鲜明对比地

clothe [kloð] v. 覆盖，使披上[（+in）]

lacy [ˋlesɪ] adj. 有花边的；有带子的

gown [gaʊn] n.（妇女穿的）长礼服

mischief [ˋmɪstʃɪf] n. 顽皮，淘气

unbridled [ʌnˋbraɪd!d] adj. 无拘束的；放纵的

bout [baʊt] n.（疾病等的）发作[（+of）]

polio [ˋpolɪo] n.【医】小儿麻痹症；脊髓灰质炎

tease [tiz] v. 戏弄；取笑

deformed [dɪˋfɔrmd] adj. 畸形的；变形的

preparatory [prɪˋpærə͵torɪ] adj. 预备的

inclined [ɪnˋklaɪnd] adj. 有…意向的; 倾向于…的

streetcar [ˋstrit͵kɑr] n.【美】有轨电车

impale [ɪmˋpel] v.〔以尖物〕刺穿﹐插进

课文讲解

While Frida lay in bed recovering, encased in a body cast, her father gave her his box of paints and brushes and encouraged her to paint. Through painting, she found a sense of freedom from her pain and a way to express herself. Frida endured more than 30 operations throughout her life, scarring both her body and her mind.

当芙烈达打着石膏躺在床上等待康复时，她父亲送她一盒颜料及画笔，鼓励她作画。透过绘画，她找到一种自痛苦解脱的自由及表达自我的方式。芙烈达一生中忍受了30多次手术，身心皆受创。

However, she remained bold, just like when she was a girl. She threw wild parties, swore like a sailor, and refused to shave, wax, or pluck her small mustache or her thick black eyebrows. She continued to do what she loved doing best – painting. Many of her works are self-portraits which express her suffering, passion, and whimsy. They are filled with imaginative and often disturbing images. The bright, warm colors and symbols in her painting also reflect her rich Mexican heritage.

虽然如此，她仍像少女时期一样勇敢直率。她举办狂欢派对，像水手一样说粗话，拒绝剃除、用除毛蜡刮除或拔除嘴上的汗毛与浓密的黑眉。她也继续从事自己的最爱－绘画。芙烈达许多作品都是表达其痛苦、热情和异想的自画像，其中充满着想象及常令人不安的画面。画中明亮温暖的色彩和象征亦反映其浓厚的墨西哥传统。

The famous Mexican artist Diego Rivera first entered Frida’s life while he was painting a mural at her high school. When she showed him some of her first works, he encouraged her to continue painting. Diego was clearly moved by the experience, stating “…… her sparkling presence filled me with a wonderful joy.” Though he was twice her size and old enough to be her father, they later became lovers and married. Their relationship was full of passion and fraught with painful infidelities on both of their parts. But in spite of their difficulties, they always came back to each other. In Self Portrait as a Tehuana and Diego and I, Frida painted herself with an image of Diego on her brow. The paintings speak of how Diego was constantly in Frida’s thoughts, and of her wish to always have him close.

著名墨西哥画家迪亚哥．里维拉在芙烈达的中学画壁画时，首次进入她的生命。芙烈达向迪亚哥展示她早期的作品，他则鼓励她继续作画。迪亚哥显然被这次经历深深打动，他道：「……她亮眼的风采令我备感无以言喻的喜悦。」虽然迪亚哥体型是芙烈达的两倍，年纪也足以当她父亲，二人仍成为恋人并步入礼堂。他们的关系充满了热情和令双方痛苦的不贞。即使困难重重，他们最后总会回到对方身边。在画作《穿着特旺纳裳的自画像》及《迪亚哥与我》中，芙烈达在自画像的额头上画了迪亚哥的肖像。这两幅画显示芙烈达时时念着迪亚哥，并希望他永远在身旁。

Vocabulary

单词发音

operation [͵ɑpəˋreʃən] n. 手术

scar [skɑr] v. 留下伤痕; 结疤

pluck [plʌk] v. 拔……的毛

disturbing [dɪ`stɝbɪŋ] adj. 令人不安的﹐使人震惊的

heritage [ˋhɛrətɪdʒ] n. 遗产; 传统

sparkling [ˋspɑrklɪŋ] adj. 闪闪发光的

fraught [frɔt] adj. 充满……的；伴随……的[F][（+with）]

speak of 说明; 意味着

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单词发音

encase [ɪnˋkes] v. 装入, 包住

cast [kæst] n.〔固定骨折用的〕石膏

throw [θro] v.【口】举行（宴会等）

swear [swɛr] v. 诅咒；骂脏话

wax [wæks] v. 用热蜡除去毛发

mustache [ˋmʌstæʃ] n. 髭，小胡子

whimsy [ˋhwɪmzɪ] n. 异想天开

mural [ˋmjʊrəl] n. 壁画

clearly [ˋklɪrlɪ] adv. 显然地，无疑地

presence [ˋprɛzns] n. 风采；风度

infidelity [͵ɪnfəˋdɛlətɪ] n. 不贞

课文讲解

Frida had her first solo exhibition in 1938, in New York. It was a great success and sent her reputation as an artist soaring. Her paintings perfectly combine dreamlike imagery with realism. In her self-portrait The Broken Column, her broken body is held together only by the straps of a steel corset. Her flesh is torn open from her neck to her belly, revealing a crumbling lonic column within. The column represents her damaged spine. Nails large and small are lodged in Frida’s face and body, while tears stream down her face. Frida stands alone, possibly because she feels isolated in her physical and emotional pain.

1938年，芙烈达于纽约举办的首次个展获得极大成功，将其艺术家声望推至高峰。她的作品将梦境般图像与现实完美结合。在自画像《破碎的脊柱》中，她破碎的身体仅由钢制束腹的带子支撑，颈部到腹部被剖开，露出摇摇欲坠的爱奥尼亚式柱条。柱条代表了芙烈达受伤的脊柱，脸部和身体插满大大小小的钉子，泪水从脸庞滑落。芙烈达兀自站立，或许是因为在身心的双重痛苦下感到孤立无援。

Her health continued to deteriorate. By 1953 Frida was so strung-out on painkillers she could barely pick up a paintbrush. That same year Frida was honored with her first solo exhibition in her native country. She had been in the hospital for almost a year straight, but refused to miss the exhibition. She surprised everyone by having her bed carried into the gallery with her on it.

她的健康持续恶化。到了1953年，服用止痛药成瘾的芙烈达虚弱到提不起画笔。同年，她在祖国举办首次个展。当时她已住院整整一年，但仍不愿错过此次展览。当她躺在床上被抬进展览厅时，大家都震惊不已。

On July 13, 1954, on a rainy night in Coyoacan in the same house where she was born 47 years earlier, Frida left this world. Her last diary entry reads: “I hope the exit is joyful …… and I hope never to return – Frida.” Her former home in Mexico, called “the Blue House” because of its bright blue color, is now a museum with a display of her paintings, clothing, jewelry, and things she collected. Her legacy lives on in the paintings and stories she left behind.

1954年7月13日那晚，科约阿坎镇正下着雨，芙烈达在47年前出生的同间屋内离开了人世。她最后一则日记写着：「我希望这次离开是喜悦的……我希望永不复返－芙烈达。」她墨西哥的故居由于漆着明亮的蓝色，而被称为「蓝屋」，现在是陈列画作、服装、珠宝和收藏品的博物馆。芙烈达的精神遗产将在其遗留的画作和传奇中永垂不朽。

−by Amy Gittelson

Vocabulary

单词发音