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Intermediate English-2 (附英,中文講解)

Literature (文学)

Between Two Worlds: The Life and Work of Hans Christian Andersen 童话与写实：安徒生的世界

详细资料: 创建于 2010年4月27日; 最后更新于 2024年5月25日; 发布于 2012年9月01日; 作者：Mike Lee; 点击数：251

课文朗读

课文讲解

繁體中文譯本

Fairy tales almost define childhood. Their elements of fantasy appeal to the fertile imaginations of children, while their backbone of realism – and doses of the wicked – help children to make sense of the world. No one who read “The Little Mermaid” could forget its haunting sadness, and no one who read “The Emperor’s New Clothes” could forget the vanity of the emperor or the unspoiled honesty of the little boy.

童话故事几乎成为童年的代名词。其中幻想的元素迎合了孩童丰富的想象力，而故事中以现实为基础的骨干（以及许多邪恶的人事物）则帮助孩童了解这个世界。任何读了《小美人鱼》的人，都不会忘记缭绕心头的悲伤氛围，而任何读过《国王的新衣》的人，都不会忘记国王的虚荣心，或是小男孩不受世俗礼教箝制的坦白。

These renowned fairy tales are just two of the 150 or so penned by Hans Christian Andersen, perhaps the greatest storyteller the world has ever known. Born in Odense, Denmark in 1805, Andersen’s life turned out to be the stuff of fairy tales, a rags-to-riches story. Andersen endured the most miserable of childhoods, brought up in complete poverty and bullied by the boys at the factory where he worked. Yet he had unbreakable self-confidence and, when he reached the age of 14, decided he could bear Odense no longer and left for Copenhagen. Andersen failed to gain employment in the theater and was close to starving when a wealthy patron noticed the awkward-looking boy and became his benefactor. Andersen was sent to school and began to make friends in high society and travel around Europe.

上述著名的童话故事只不过是汉斯．克里斯蒂安．安徒生所著的150个故事中的其中两个。安徒生或许是全世界最伟大的说故事大师。他于1805年生于丹麦的欧登赛，一生就像是童话故事的情节，是由贫致富的故事。安徒生熬过最为悲惨的童年，在家徒四壁的环境下长大，还在他工作的工厂中被其他男孩凌虐。然而，他不屈不挠，信心不减。当他14岁时，决定无法再忍受欧登赛的环境，并前往哥本哈根。在那里，安徒生无法获得戏院的工作，当他几近饿死时，一位富有的艺术赞助者注意到这位外表笨拙的男孩，并成为他的赞助者。安徒生便被送到学校，开始与上流社会交流，并游览欧洲。

Encouraged by others to write, Andersen published his first fairy tales in 1835, and with them almost immediately received recognition that continued to grow throughout his life. Today, Andersen’s fairy tales are read all around the world, in over 150 different languages – that’s more translations than almost any other author.

安徒生受到多人鼓励从事写作，因此在1835年出版了第一本童话故事集，而这些故事让他立即受到肯定，并在接下来的一生中越来越受重视。如今安徒生的童话在全世界都能读到，并翻译成150种不同语言：这几乎比其他任何作家作品的翻译还多。

Vocabulary

单词发音

define [dɪˋfaɪn] v. 为……的特性，是……的特色，给……下定义

element [ˋɛləmənt] n. 元素

fertile [ˋfɝt!] adj. (创造力或想象力）丰富的

backbone [ˋbæk͵bon] n. 骨干；基础

haunting [ˋhɔntɪŋ] adj. 萦绕于心的; 不易忘怀的

renowned [rɪˋnaʊnd] adj. 有名的；有声誉的

rags-to-riches 由穷致富

endure [ɪnˋdjʊr] v. 忍耐，忍受

miserable [ˋmɪzərəb!] adj. 痛苦的, 悲惨的

bring up 养育, 教育 to take care of and educate (a child); rear

poverty [ˋpɑvɚtɪ] n. 贫穷，贫困

bully [ˋbʊlɪ] v. 欺侮

patron [ˋpetrən] n. 主顾（尤指老顾客）; 赞助者

awkward [ˋɔkwɚd] adj. 笨拙的; 尴尬的

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单词发音

fantasy [ˋfæntəsɪ] n. 幻想；梦想

realism [ˋrɪəl͵ɪzəm] n. 现实性；现实态度，注重实际的倾向

dose [dos] n. 一剂,一服; 剂量；量 informal something unpleasant to experience

wicked [ˋwɪkɪd] adj. 邪恶的

vanity [ˋvænətɪ] n. 虚荣（心）

unspoiled [ʌnˋspɔɪld] adj. 未宠坏的 simple, honest

Copenhagen [͵kopənˋhegən] 哥本哈根

benefactor [ˋbɛnə͵fæktɚ] n. 行善者; 捐助人; 施主

recognition [͵rɛkəgˋnɪʃən] n. 赏识；表彰

课文朗读

课文讲解

Andersen’s experiences gave substance to his tales. A man who at times could not afford to eat was the same man who easily won the affection of royalty and the upper class of the day. A man who had little education was the same man who became a worldwide literary icon.

安徒生的生活经验充实了他故事的内容。一个时常没有钱吃饭的人，却能轻易地获得贵族及当时上层社会的青睐；一个没有受过多少教育的人，却能成为世界文学泰斗。

No story, perhaps, mirrors Andersen’s own life story as closely as “The Ugly Duckling.” Unattractive and ridiculed by others, the duckling finds himself facing life alone. To the envy of everyone, he becomes the most beautiful swan of all. Isn’t Andersen’s own remarkable change in fortune much the same? The author, however, never fully conquered his deep-seated feelings of being an outsider, of not entirely belonging to either the deprived world he was born into or the privileged world he inhabited as an adult. This feeling is captured nowhere better than in “The Little Mermaid,” and Andersen shows he knew pain perfectly when he tells of the wretched being who cannot belong to either the world above or below the ocean.

或许，任何故事都没有比《丑小鸭》更能贴近地反映安徒生自身的故事。丑小鸭长得不好看，而且还被取笑，牠发现牠必须独自面对生活。但后来，牠变成人人羡慕的美丽天鹅。安徒生运势的大逆转不也是如此吗？不过，这位作家从来无法完全战胜深植在心中的那种被排挤的感觉：他觉得他不完全属于他出生时所处的贫困世界，但也不完全属于他长大后所身处的优渥世界。对这种心情，《小美人鱼》的故事最能够捕捉精髓。当安徒生述说着这位不属于地面上的世界也不属于大海的可怜人物时，他让人知道他完全了解这种痛苦的感觉。

The tragic tale of the mermaid who yearned for legs is not the only story from which the “fairy tale happy ending” is missing. Like her, “The Steadfast Tin Soldier” and “The Little Match Girl” provide no consoling conclusions. Andersen was thus different from the Brothers Grimm, whose Cinderellas and Snow Whites were rewarded with happiness-ever-after in the end. The Danish writer also differed from the Grimms in that his stories came primarily from his own imagination, whereas the brothers collected spoken folk tales and recorded them in text.

这个关于小美人鱼渴望有一双脚的悲剧故事，并不是唯一缺乏「童话故事般的完美结局」。《小锡兵》、《卖火柴的小女孩》和小美人鱼一样，并没有令人感到安慰的结局。因此，安徒生不同于格林兄弟，他们的灰姑娘和白雪公主们都获得「永远幸福快乐」的结局。这位丹麦作家还有一点不同于他们，他的作品绝大多数来自于个人的想象力，而格林兄弟则是搜集口传民间故事，然后再将故事以文字记录下来。

Vocabulary

单词发音

royalty [ˋrɔɪəltɪ] n.（总称）皇族或王族（成员）

literary [ˋlɪtə͵rɛrɪ] adj. 文学的

icon [ˋaɪkɑn] n. 指标人物; 崇拜对象

mirror [ˋmɪrɚ] v. 反映

fortune [ˋfɔrtʃən] n. 时运; 命运

conquer [͵kɑŋkɚ] v. 战胜；克服

entirely [ɪnˋtaɪrlɪ] adv. 完全地；彻底地

inhabit [ɪnˋhæbɪt] v. 居住

wretched [ˋrɛtʃɪd] adj. 不幸的，可怜的

tragic [ˋtrædʒɪk] adj. 悲剧的

yearn [jɝn] v. 渴望；向往[（+for/after/towards）][+to-v]

reward [rɪˋwɔrd] v. 报答﹐报偿

differ from 与……不同

primarily [praɪˋmɛrəlɪ] adv. 主要地

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单词发音

substance [ˋsʌbstəns] n. 物质；材料

affection [əˋfɛkʃən] n. 钟爱

duckling [ˋdʌklɪŋ] n. 小鸭

ridicule [ˋrɪdɪkjul] v. 嘲笑，戏弄

envy [ˋɛnvɪ] n. 妒忌；羡慕

deep-seated [ˋdip͵sitɪd] adj. 根深蒂固的

outsider [ˋaʊtˋsaɪdɚ] n. 〔不被某一社会团体接受的〕局外人

deprived [dɪˋpraɪvd] adj. 贫困的; 被剥夺的

privileged [ˋprɪvɪlɪdʒd] adj. 享有特权的; 〔因为有钱有势而〕有特权的

steadfast [ˋstɛd͵fæst] adj. 坚定的；不动摇的

consoling [kənˋsolɪŋ] adj. 可安慰的

课文朗读

课文讲解

Andersen’s tales lack the magical spells typical of most fairy tales. Instead, he created magic with the strange human quality that flowed through everything he wrote. This sense of humanity and a closeness to fundamental human experiences are what make Andersen universally accessible and appreciated by all. As obvious magic might make a story less realistic, Andersen’s subtle style means it is easy to relate to his characters. Whether describing an animal like a duckling, or an inanimate object like a tin soldier, Andersen always succeeds in making them human. One recurring theme in his characters is willpower; they are solid in their resolve once they choose to do something, and they must face the consequences of their actions, whether good or bad. Furthermore, Andersen’s use of everyday language speaks to the reader directly and closes the distance between the real world and the land of the story.

安徒生的故事并没有典型童话故事中常出现的神奇魔咒。反之，他在所写的任何故事中，利用充满在字里行间的奇妙人性特质，来制造神奇力量。因为充满人性以及贴进人类基本经验，使得安徒生的故事能够广为接受并获得大众赏识。对照于明显的魔幻力量会让故事显得较不真实，安徒生细腻的风格使得人们较能够体认故事主角的心情或遭遇。不管是描述像丑小鸭的动物，或是像小锡兵一样的无生物，安徒生总是能够成功地让他们看起来像人类。对他的主角而言，一个不断重复的主题就是他们的意志力。一旦他们决定要做某事，便坚定不移，而且他们必须面对行为的后果，不论是好还是坏。此外，安徒生使用日常生活中的语言与读者对话，因此拉近了故事与真实世界间的距离。

Andersen was a well-traveled, well-connected member of society and led an interesting life. Perhaps one of the highlights for him was his short friendship with English author Charles Dickens. Andersen was thrilled when he was invited to stay with Dickens, of whom he was a huge fan. But, as the story goes, the Dane failed to adhere to the rules of etiquette and overstayed his welcome at the house by several weeks. The two were never reunited.

安徒生是个四处旅行、人脉广阔的社会一份子，且过着有趣的生活。或许，他生命中最醒目的一段插曲，就是他与英国作家查尔斯．狄更斯的短暂友谊。安徒生是狄更斯的书迷，当他受邀暂住在狄更斯家时，他感到非常兴奋。不过，据说他没有遵守礼仪，待上好几周，因为作客太久而不受欢迎。

Hans Christian Andersen died in 1875. Before his death, he acknowledged how many children’s lives he must have touched and told his funeral composer: “Most of the people who walk after me will be children, so make the beat keep time with little steps.”

汉斯．克里斯蒂安．安徒生死于1875年。在他死之前，他知道他一定触动了许多小孩的心灵，并告诉他的丧礼作曲者：「大部分走在我身后的将会是小孩子，所以请让节拍能配合小脚的步调。」

−by Alice Davis

Vocabulary

单词发音