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Intermediate English-2 (附英,中文講解)

Literature (文学)

The Catcher in the Rye 《麦田捕手》：捕捉梦想

详细资料: 创建于 2010年5月26日; 最后更新于 2024年5月25日; 发布于 2012年9月02日; 作者：Mike Lee; 点击数：289

课文朗读

课文讲解

繁體中文譯本

Teenage rebellion, alienation, sexuality, and the trials of becoming an adult: these are the themes J.D. Salinger explored in his classic 1951 novel The Catcher in the Rye. The book centers on 16-year-old Holden Caulfield and the events that occur after he’s expelled from school. The Catcher in the Rye is one of the most popular, and also controversial, books ever written. Its legacy will ensure that Salinger, who sadly died earlier this year, will never be forgotten.

青少年叛逆、格格不入、性欲和成为成年人的种种考验──这些都是J.D.沙林杰1951年的经典小说《麦田捕手》中所探讨的主题。这本书以16岁的霍尔顿．考菲尔德以及他被学校开除后所发生的事件为中心。《麦田捕手》是史上最受欢迎且最具争议性的小说之一。其留下的精神确保今年稍早不幸逝世的沙林杰将永存人们心中。

The Catcher in the Rye was an instant success, especially with the many teenagers who felt they could relate to Caulfield’s struggles with loneliness and relationships, and his need to find his own identity. The fact that Salinger was able to write so authentically about the difficulties of being a teenager is the reason why the novel remains so popular. Interestingly, it is also the reason why the book has caused so much controversy. Since it is written from the perspective of a New York teenager, the book contains numerous sexual references and examples of rude and profane language. These elements of the story have been repeatedly criticized and even censored in many U.S. high schools.

《麦田捕手》一出版便很成功，尤其是因为许多青少年觉得自己能够体会考菲尔德对于孤寂与人际关系的挣扎，还有他想寻找自我的迫切需求。沙林杰能够真实地描写出身为一个青少年的难处，而这正是此书一直以来都如此受欢迎的原因。很有趣地，这也是这本书引起这么多论战的原因。由于这本书是由一纽约青少年的观点撰写，所以它包含了许多涉及到性的话题以及粗鲁亵渎的言语。故事中的这些元素不断地受到批评，书中内容甚至在许多美国高中被删减。

The success of The Catcher in the Rye brought unexpected consequences for its author. Salinger was unprepared for the sudden rise in media and public attention, and he became increasingly reclusive. He also began to publish work much less frequently: his last published work was released in 1965. Salinger later claimed that he was still writing, but only for his own pleasure. One cannot help but wonder what other masterpieces he might have produced.

《麦田捕手》的成功为作者带来始料未及的结果。沙林杰尚未准备好突然晋升成为媒体与大众的焦点，变得越来越自我封闭。他出版作品的次数也开始变得较不频繁，最后出版的作品是在1965年。沙林杰其后宣称他还是持续在写作，但只为了自己的兴趣而写。我们不禁纳闷，他可能还创造了哪些杰作。

Vocabulary

单词发音

rebellion [rɪˋbɛljən] n. 反叛; 造反；叛乱

alienation [͵eljəˋneʃən] n. 疏离; 疏远

center on 以…为中心, 集中围绕…

expel [ɪkˋspɛl] v. 驱逐，赶走

ensure [ɪnˋʃʊr] v. 保证；担保

relate to 与...有关

authentically [ɔˋθɛntɪk!ɪ] adv. 真实地

numerous [ˋnjumərəs] adj. 许多的，很多的

reference [ˋrɛfərəns] n. 提及；涉及; 参考；出处

profane [prəˋfen] adj. 〔语言〕亵渎的; 下流的

criticize [ˋkrɪtɪ͵saɪz] v. 批评；批判

censor [ˋsɛnsɚ] v. 删除; 检查（出版物等）; 审查

reclusive [rɪˋklusɪv] adj. 隐遁的；孤寂的

frequently [ˋfrikwəntlɪ] adv. 频繁地，屡次地

More Information

单词发音

sexuality [͵sɛkʃʊˋælətɪ] n. 性欲

trial [ˋtraɪəl] n. 考验；磨炼

controversial [͵kɑntrəˋvɝʃəl] adj. 引起争论的﹐有争议的

consequence [ˋkɑnsə͵kwɛns] n. 结果，后果

cannot help but 不得不 to be unable to refrain from or avoid; be obliged to

课文朗读

课文讲解

When The Catcher in the Rye opens, Holden Caulfield is resting in a mental institution. He lets us know he’s been sick and says he’s only going to tell us about the “madman stuff” that happened after his expulsion from his school, Pencey Prep. It’s obvious that he doesn’t have many friends at the school, and he tells us that the other students and teachers there are “phony.” It’s a word he uses to characterize a lot of people. In fact, the only ones he definitely does not think of as fake are his kid sister, Phoebe, and his brother, Allie, who has died of leukemia.

当《麦田捕手》故事展开时，霍尔顿．考菲尔德在一间精神疗养院中休息。他让我们知道他病了，还说他只会告诉我们有关他被学校（潘西预校）开除后发生的「疯人之事」。他在学校显然没几个朋友，而他告诉我们学校的其他学生与老师都是「虚伪的人」。虚伪是他拿来描述很多人的用词。事实上，他认为不虚假的人就只有妹妹菲比，以及死于白血病的弟弟艾力。

Caulfield leaves Pencey late one night after losing a fight about a girl. As he’s not due home for a few days, he decides to head to New York. In the bar of his hotel, he tries to converse with three older ladies, but they just tease him about his age. The same night, he hires a prostitute but angers her by saying he only wants to chat.

某天深夜，考菲尔德吵输一场和女生有关的架，之后就离开了潘西预校。由于距预定回家的时间还有几天，他决定前往纽约。在下榻旅馆的酒吧里，他尝试要与3位较年长的女人交谈，但她们却对他的年纪揶揄了一番。同一夜，他招了一名妓女，却因为他说只想聊天而激怒了她。

During his time in New York, he goes to the Museum of National History and compares himself to the statues of Eskimos. He wishes that his life, like theirs, could always remain the same. When he finally goes home, he sneaks into the house and wakes up his sister. He tells her about a fantasy he had where he’s saving children from falling off a cliff. He pictures himself standing in a rye field where thousands of kids are playing. It was his job to catch them when they got too close to the edge. He wishes he could be the catcher in the rye.

在纽约期间，他去了一趟自然历史博物馆，将自己与爱斯基摩人的雕像做比较。他希望自己的人生可以跟它们一样恒久不变。当他终于回到家时，他偷溜进屋里把妹妹叫醒。他告诉她自己的梦想，一个拯救孩童不要跌落悬崖的幻想。他想象自己站在麦田中，数千名小孩正在那里玩耍。他的任务就是在他们太接近悬崖边时抓住他们。他希望自己可以成为麦田中的捕手。

Vocabulary

单词发音

mental [ˋmɛnt!] adj. 精神的，心理的

institution [͵ɪnstəˋtjuʃən] n. 机构

obvious [ˋɑbvɪəs] adj. 明显的；显着的

characterize [ˋkærəktə͵raɪz] v. 描绘……的特性

definitely [ˋdɛfənɪtlɪ] adv. 肯定地；当然

fake [fek] adj. 假的；伪造的

converse [kənˋvɝs] v.【书】交谈，谈话

tease [tiz] v. 戏弄；取笑

anger [ˋæŋgɚ] v. 使生气; 激怒

compare to something 将...比作 liken to, parallel, identify with, equate to, and correlate to

statue [ˋstætʃʊ] n. 雕像，塑像

sneak [snik] v. 偷偷地走，溜

fantasy [ˋfæntəsɪ] n. 幻想；梦想

cliff [klɪf] n.（尤指海边的）悬崖，峭壁

More Information

单词发音

expulsion [ɪkˋspʌlʃən] n. 驱逐；开除

phony [ˋfonɪ] adj. 【口】假的；欺骗的; n. 骗人的东西

leukemia [luˋkimɪə] n. 白血病（俗称血癌）

due [dju] adj. 到期的 expected or scheduled, especially appointed to arrive

prostitute [ˋprɑstə͵tjut] n. 娼妓

Eskimo [ˋɛskɪmo] n. 爱斯基摩人

课文朗读

课文讲解

When Phoebe finds out that Holden intends to move out west, she begs to go with him and cries when he refused. He can’t bear to see her cry and promises to stay with her. To cheer her up, he takes her to the zoo and buys her a ticket for the carousel. As he watches her on the ride, he begins to cry. And that’s where he ends his story. He says he doesn’t want to talk about how he got sick and, instead, ends on a word of warning. After saying that he’s begun to miss everyone, he tells us not “ever to tell anyone anything. If you do, you start missing everybody.”

当菲比发现霍尔顿打算搬到西部时，她哀求着要同行并在被拒绝后哭泣。他无法忍受看到妹妹哭，所以承诺要留下来陪她。为了让她开心起来，他带她去动物园，还替她买了一张旋转木马的票。看着坐在游乐器材上的她时，他开始流下泪来。他就在此结束了故事。他说他不想谈论自己是如何生病的，反而以一警告之语作结。在说出自己开始想念所有人之后，他告诫我们不要「告诉任何人任何事。如果你这么做，你就会开始想念所有人。」

Holden Caulfield is a fascinating character. He’s a teenager who’s confused and even frightened by adulthood, and yet he doesn’t want to be seen as immature. Desperate to grow up, he also wants everything to stay the same and even dreams of a world where children can forever play together and remain innocent. Knowing that his innocence is over and understanding that he’s already falling into the uncertainty of adulthood, he wants to be able to catch other children before they suffer the same fate.

霍尔顿．考菲尔德是个很有吸引力的角色。他是个为成年期而感到困惑甚至害怕的青少年，然而他也不想被视为不成熟；他渴望要长大，却也同时希望所有事情都不变，甚至梦想一个孩子可以永远玩在一起并保持天真的世界。因为他明白自己的童真已逝，也了解自己已经身陷成年的不确定性，所以他想要在其他的孩童遭受同样命运前抓住他们。

The Catcher in the Rye is an incredible novel that has enthralled audiences for almost 60 years. It’s as popular now as it has ever been, and no doubt in another 60 years, when today’s readers have grandchildren of their own, Holden Caulfield will still be seen as an icon of teenage rebellion.

《麦田捕手》是一本近60年来一直使读者着迷的绝佳小说。它现在就如同以往一样大受喜爱。无疑地，再过个60年，当今日的读者有了自己的孙子时，霍尔顿．考菲尔德仍会被视为青少年叛逆的代表。

−by Andrew Crosthwaite

Vocabulary

单词发音