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Literature (文学)

Against Social Injustice: Victor Hugo 雨果：浪漫文学的革命运动

详细资料: 创建于 2011年2月23日; 最后更新于 2024年5月25日; 发布于 2013年9月16日; 作者：Mike Lee; 点击数：272

课文朗读

课文讲解

繁體中文譯本

The life of Victor Hugo spans almost all of the 19th century. During this time, France underwent radical political and societal change. Today, France is a beacon of equality and democracy, but Hugo’s internationally renowned works portray the France of the 1800s in a very different light. Hugo’s personal sense of moral responsibility and social justice is evident in his novels, representing the wider struggles of the time.

维克多．雨果的一生几乎横跨整个19世纪。在这段期间，法国经历了政治及社会上剧烈变革。现今法国是平等与民主的导航灯，但是雨果的世界名著将1800年代的法国描写成完全不同的面貌。在雨果的小说中，他个人的道德责任感和社会正义感非常明显，代表了当时极为广泛的挣扎与反抗。

Victor-Marie Hugo was born in Besancon on February 26, 1802. His father, a general in Napoleon Bonaparte’s army, was a firm republican. He separated from Madame Hugo, a royalist, shortly after Hugo’s birth, and she moved to Paris to raise and educate her children. The incompatible political allegiances of Hugo’s parents reflect the warring ideologies of the French people throughout the century.

维克多马里．雨果在1802年2月26日出生于贝桑松。他的父亲是拿破仑手下的将军，是名坚定的共和政体支持者。他与保皇党的妻子在雨果出生不久后便分开，之后雨果的母亲搬至巴黎抚养及教育孩子。雨果双亲相互矛盾的政治效忠反映了整个世纪法国人们相互冲突的意识型态。

From an early age, Hugo wrote verse; his first poetry collection earned him a royal pension from King Louis XIII. Hugo married in 1822, and published his debut novel, Han D’Islande, the following year. However, it was the massively popular The Hunchback of Notre Dame of 1831 that put Hugo on the literary map and secured his place in history.

雨果自幼便提笔做诗。他的第一本诗集让他获得路易18世的皇家资助金。雨果于1822年结婚，并于次年出版了他的第一本小说《汉．伊斯兰特》。然而，1831年极为受欢迎的《钟楼怪人》才是让雨果立足于文学界并在历史上获得稳固地位的作品。

As France continued on its turbulent journey from monarchy to dictatorship to democracy, Hugo continued to write, furthering the cause of the Romantic movement. He also became more actively involved in politics, his sympathies lying with the Republicans. The author was struck by personal tragedy, too, when, in 1843, his 19-year-old daughter drowned. He learned of her death, which some believe he never got over, in the newspaper. Two years later, Hugo began his masterpiece, Les Misérables, which took seventeen years to complete.

当法国继续走过从帝制、独裁到民主这动荡不断的旅程时，雨果也继续写作，他提倡浪漫主义运动的目标。他也变得更积极地涉入政治，支持共和。这位作家本身也遭逢悲剧。1843年时，他19岁的女儿溺死。他是在报纸上得知这项消息，而有些人认为他未曾从伤痛中复原。2年后，雨果着手写他的大作《悲惨世界》，这本书花了他17年的时间才完成。

Vocabulary

单词发音

societal [səˋsaɪət!] adj. 社会的

beacon [ˋbikn] n. 指路明灯；灯塔

equality [iˋkwɑlətɪ] n. 平等

portray [porˋtre] v.（用语言）描写

light [laɪt] n.（对事物的）见解，观点 an aspect or view

republican [rɪˋpʌblɪkən] n. 拥护共和政体者

madame [ˋmædəm] n.【法】太太，夫人；女士

royalist [ˋrɔɪəlɪst] n. 保王党成员

incompatible [͵ɪnkəmˋpætəb!] adj. 不能和谐共存的；不相容的

allegiance [əˋlidʒəns] n. 忠诚，忠贞

warring [ˋwɔrɪŋ] adj. 交战的；相争的；敌对的

ideology [͵aɪdɪˋɑlədʒɪ] n. 意识形态

verse [vɝs] n. 诗；韵文

pension [ˋpɛnʃən] n.（艺术家等所领的）津贴，补助金

hunchback [ˋhʌntʃ͵bæk] n. 驼背；驼背者

Notre Dame【法】圣母玛利亚；圣母院

secure [sɪˋkjʊr] v. 获得；替……弄到

turbulent [ˋtɝbjələnt] adj. 动荡的；混乱的

monarchy [ˋmɑnɚkɪ] n. 君主政体

dictatorship [dɪkˋtetɚ͵ʃɪp] n. 独裁国家；独裁政府

further [ˋfɝðɚ] v. 促进；助长；推动 to help the progress of; advance

sympathy [ˋsɪmpəθɪ] n. 同情；赞同

课文朗读

课文讲解

The Hunchback of Notre Dame is a historical romantic novel set in late 15th-century Paris. The repulsive and deformed protagonist, Quasimodo, is instantly recognizable: the ugly hunchback who turns the stomachs of all who see him.

《钟楼怪人》是一部历史浪漫小说，其背景设在15世纪末的巴黎。这位令人反感且畸形的主角加西莫多一下子就能被人认出：一位令人看到便倒胃口的丑陋驼背者。

Quasimodo spends his days ringing the bells in the high tower of Notre Dame Cathedral. Although he is gentle and caring, no one looks past his appearance. He is judged on that alone. Only Frollo, the Archdeacon of Notre Dame, looks kindly on Quasimodo, having him from the day he was abandoned on the church steps as a baby.

加西莫多的一生都在巴黎圣母院的高塔上敲钟。虽然他温柔又体贴，却没有人能看到他的内在。人们只以他的外表评断他。只有圣母院的副主教孚罗洛慈祥地看顾着他，因为从加西莫多还是个被遗弃在教堂阶梯的婴孩时，孚罗洛就一直养育他长大。

Then, one day, a beautiful gypsy woman named Esmeralda sweeps into their lives. Both Frollo and Quasimodo fall in love with her fine looks and kind heart. Unfortunately, though, she only has eyes for Captain Phoebus, an arrogant womanizer. When Esmeralda is framed for the attempted murder of the man she loves, she is sentenced to hanging. Only Quasimodo can protect her, but will this unlikely hero be able to save her from her terrible fate?

之后有一天，一位漂亮的吉普赛女生爱丝米拉达像旋风般地进入了他们的生命。孚罗洛和加西莫多两人都爱上了她美丽的外表和善良的心。不幸的，她只喜欢高傲花心的军中队长腓比斯。当爱丝米拉达被设计，且被诬陷谋杀她所爱的人时，她被判绞刑。只有加西莫多可以保护她，但是这位不太像英雄的加西莫多能将她从可怕的命运中救出吗？

The hunchback of Notre Dame is, indeed, a love story, but Hugo also deals with revolution and social inequality. Furthermore, his ability to portray the complex emotions and morality of “down-and-out” characters provoked a shift in the literature of the time, away from the perfect heroes of the classic age and toward the altogether more human heroes to whom we still relate. Hugo’s novel also goes some way to prove the social power of literature. When the book was published, Notre Dame Cathedral, that once-great symbol of Paris, was in a state of disrepair. By 1845, the city has embarked on the restoration of the building.

《钟楼怪人》确实是一个爱情故事，但是雨果也涉及到革命以及社会中的不平等。此外，雨果对贫穷低下角色的复杂情感和道德之描述引起了当代文学的转变，从古典时期的完美英雄转变成一个较像一般人、至今我们都能与他心有同感的英雄。雨果的小说也特别努力地证明文学作品的社会力量。当这本书出版时，曾经是巴黎伟大象征的圣母院已变得残破不堪。1845年时，巴黎便开始整修这栋建筑。

Vocabulary

单词发音

repulsive [rɪˋpʌlsɪv] adj. 使人反感的

deformed [dɪˋfɔrmd] adj. 畸形的；变形的

protagonist [proˋtægənɪst] n. 主角

caring [ˋkɛrɪŋ] adj. 有爱心的

archdeacon [ˋɑrtʃˋdikən] n. 副主教；领班神父

gypsy [ˋdʒɪpsɪ] n. 吉普赛人

arrogant [ˋærəgənt] adj. 傲慢的；自大的

womanizer [ˋwʊmən͵aɪzɚ] n. 沉溺于女色的人；玩弄女性者

frame [frem] v. 【俚】陷害；捏造; to conceive or design

morality [məˋrælətɪ] n. 道德

down-and-out 穷困潦倒的；贫病交迫的 lacking funds, resources, or prospects; destitute

provoke [prəˋvok] v. 诱导，导致

shift [ʃɪft] n. 转移；转变

altogether [͵ɔltəˋgɛðɚ] adv. 完全，全然

disrepair [͵dɪsrɪˋpɛr] n. 失修；破损；荒废

restoration [͵rɛstəˋreʃən] n. 修复；复原

Idiom

片语发音

turn sone’s stomach 使某人反胃或恶心 to make you feel sick, often because you are angry or upset about something

look past 忽视 disregard, not be distracted by

only have eyes for 只对(某人)感兴趣; 只爱恋(某人)[to be] loyal to only one person, in the context of romance

go some way to 进一步... make progress to something

embark on 着手, 开始 start, begin

课文朗读

课文讲解

Due in no small part to the musical adaptation of Les Miserables, Hugo’s voluminous critique of the poorest, most destitute in society is even more popular than the story of Quasimodo. On publication, in 1862, Les Miserables was met with enthusiasm from the public, though critics were not impressed by the poverty-stricken cast or political motivations of the author, as Hugo himself was aware: “All the reviews are reactionary and more or less hostile.”

雨果另一本对社会上最贫穷可悲的长篇评论甚至比加西莫多的故事更受欢迎，而这有一大部分是因为改编自《悲惨世界》的音乐剧。《悲惨世界》于1862年出版之际便受到大众热切的欢迎，虽然评论家对贫困的主角们或作者的政治动机并没有什么好印象。而雨果也心知肚明，他说：「所有的评论都极为反对，而且或多或少怀有敌意。」

Les Miserables follows Jean Valjean, a man who has just spent 19 years in prison for stealing a loaf of bread. Valjean is understandably angry at the world, but the kindness of a forgiving bishop inspires him to change his ways. As he strives to be an honest man, he encounters many characters, some in desperate situations, some greedy and ruthless. Sadly for Valjean, he is also being followed by the policeman Javert, who is earnestly trying to send Valjean back to jail.

《悲惨世界》叙述尚万强的故事。他因偷了一条面包而入狱19年。甫出狱的尚万强对这个世界充满恨意是可以理解的。但是一位善良且宽恕的主教启发他去改变他的行为。在他努力当个正直的人同时，他遇到许多人，有些人处于窘迫的困境，有些人贪心粗鲁。可悲的是，尚万强还被一心一意要将他抓回监狱的警察贾维追捕。

The story’s other main characters are the wretched, impoverished Fantine and her daughter Cosette. Valjean promises Fantine he will bring up the girl, and the ex-convict must try to make his way in a society resentful of his past while trying to raise Cosette. The student Marius also plays an important role in the novel, and Hugo uses Marius to dramatize riots that actually took place in Paris in 1832.

故事中另一位主角则是可怜、贫苦的芳婷和他的女儿珂赛特。尚万强答应芳婷他会扶养这个女孩。这位前科犯则必须在这个厌恶他过去的社会里试着生存下去，并同时养育珂赛特。名为马留斯的学生在小说中也扮演重要角色，而雨果则利用马留斯来夸大1832年于巴黎确实曾发生的暴动。

Hugo died in Paris on May 22, 1885. In spite of his instructions to the contrary, an enormous national funeral was arranged, and attended by three million people. Les Miserables went on to become one of the best-selling books ever written, proving the critics couldn’t have been more wrong.

雨果于1885年5月22日死于巴黎，而跟他所托付相反的是，人们替他举行了一场大型的国葬，并有300万人参加。《悲惨世界》一直是有史以来最畅销的著作之一，证明了评论家之前可是大错特错了。

－by Alice Davis

Vocabulary

单词发音